वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-25, verse-20

ज्ञातीन् वै धर्षयित्वेमास्त्वयानीता वराङ्गनाः ।
त्वामतिक्रम्य मधुना राजन् कुम्भीनसी हृता ॥२०॥

20. jñātīn vai dharṣayitvemāstvayānītā varāṅganāḥ ,
tvāmatikramya madhunā rājan kumbhīnasī hṛtā.

20. jñātīn vai dharṣayitvā imāḥ tvayā ānītāḥ varāṅganāḥ
tvām atikramya madhunā rājan kumbhīnasī hṛtā

20. rājan vai tvayā jñātīn dharṣayitvā imāḥ varāṅganāḥ ānītāḥ [santi],
madhunā tvām atikramya kumbhīnasī hṛtā

20. O King, indeed, after you had violated kinsmen and brought these beautiful women, Madhu abducted Kumbhīnasī, disregarding you.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्ञातीन् (jñātīn) - your own relatives (kinsmen, relatives)

• वै (vai) - indeed, emphasizing the fact (indeed, verily, surely)

• धर्षयित्वा (dharṣayitvā) - after you had molested or dishonored (having molested, having violated, having oppressed)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these (women) (these)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Ravana) (by you)

• आनीताः (ānītāḥ) - brought (by you) (brought, fetched, led)

• वराङ्गनाः (varāṅganāḥ) - beautiful women (captured by Ravana) (beautiful women, excellent women)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Ravana, as the one disregarded) (you (accusative))

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having ignored or defied your authority (having surpassed, having transgressed, having disregarded)

• मधुना (madhunā) - by the demon Madhu, husband of Kumbhīnasī (by Madhu)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing Ravana directly (O King)

• कुम्भीनसी (kumbhīnasī) - Ravana's sister, Kumbhīnasī (Kumbhīnasī (proper noun))

• हृता (hṛtā) - was abducted (taken away, abducted, stolen)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्ञातीन् (jñātīn) - your own relatives (kinsmen, relatives)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative, family member, tribe

From root √jñā (to know) + -ti suffix.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of the absolutive 'dharṣayitvā'.

वै (vai) - indeed, emphasizing the fact (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

धर्षयित्वा (dharṣayitvā) - after you had molested or dishonored (having molested, having violated, having oppressed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) from the causative stem

Causative stem of root √dhṛṣ (class 1) + -tvā suffix, indicating a completed action that precedes the main verb.

Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main events of the verse.

इमाः (imāḥ) - these (women) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Feminine nominative/accusative plural form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'.

Note: Agrees with 'varāṅganāḥ', which can be interpreted as the subject of an implied verb 'were'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Ravana) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Instrumental singular form of the second-person pronoun 'yuṣmad'.

आनीताः (ānītāḥ) - brought (by you) (brought, fetched, led)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ānīta

ānīta - brought, fetched, led to, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā- (to, hither) + root √nī (to lead, carry) + kta suffix, forming a past passive participle.

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Describes 'varāṅganāḥ', indicating they 'were brought'.

वराङ्गनाः (varāṅganāḥ) - beautiful women (captured by Ravana) (beautiful women, excellent women)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of varāṅganā

varāṅganā - beautiful woman, excellent woman, charming lady

Compound of 'vara' (excellent, best) and 'aṅganā' (woman).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vara+aṅganā)

• vara – excellent, best, finest, choice, boon
  adjective
  From root √vṛ (to choose).
  Root: vṛ (class 1)
• aṅganā – woman, lady
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from 'aṅga' (body) with a suffix, suggesting a woman with a pleasing form.

Note: Refers to the women who were brought by Ravana.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Ravana, as the one disregarded) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Accusative singular form of the second-person pronoun 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Object of the absolutive 'atikramya'.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having ignored or defied your authority (having surpassed, having transgressed, having disregarded)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) from prefix verb

From prefix ati- (beyond, over) + root √kram (to step, go) + -ya suffix for absolutives of prefixed verbs, indicating a preceding action.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed by Madhu before the abduction of Kumbhīnasī.

मधुना (madhunā) - by the demon Madhu, husband of Kumbhīnasī (by Madhu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of madhu

madhu - Madhu (proper noun), honey, sweet

Masculine noun, refers to the specific demon Madhu, husband of Kumbhīnasī and father of Lavaṇa.

Note: Indicates the agent of the passive participle 'hṛtā'.

राजन् (rājan) - addressing Ravana directly (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Vocative singular form of the masculine noun 'rājan'.

Root: rāj (class 1)

कुम्भीनसी (kumbhīnasī) - Ravana's sister, Kumbhīnasī (Kumbhīnasī (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kumbhīnasī

kumbhīnasī - Kumbhīnasī (name of Ravana's sister)

Feminine proper noun, sister of Ravana, abducted by Madhu. Etymologically possibly 'pot-nosed' (kumbha - pot, nasā - nose).

Note: Subject of the passive participle 'hṛtā'.

हृता (hṛtā) - was abducted (taken away, abducted, stolen)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken, carried, seized, stolen, abducted

Past Passive Participle

From root √hṛ (to take, carry, seize) + kta suffix.

Root: hṛ (class 1)