वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-78, verse-51

क्ष्वेडन्तश्च नदन्तश्च गर्जन्तश्च प्लवंगमाः ।
लब्धलक्षा रघुसुतं परिवार्योपतस्थिरे ॥५१॥

51. kṣveḍantaśca nadantaśca garjantaśca plavaṃgamāḥ ,
labdhalakṣā raghusutaṃ parivāryopatasthire.

51. kṣveḍantaḥ ca nadantaḥ ca garjantaḥ ca plavaṅgamāḥ
labdhalakṣāḥ raghusutam parivārya upatastire

51. kṣveḍantaḥ ca nadantaḥ ca garjantaḥ ca labdhalakṣāḥ
plavaṅgamāḥ raghusutam parivārya upatastire

51. The monkeys (plavaṅgamāḥ), roaring, shouting, and thundering, having achieved their objective, surrounded Lakshmana, the son of Raghu, and stood by him.

Words meanings summery:

• क्ष्वेडन्तः (kṣveḍantaḥ) - (of monkeys) making their characteristic loud cries (roaring, making loud sounds)

• च (ca) - and

• नदन्तः (nadantaḥ) - (of monkeys) making loud cries, celebrating (shouting, roaring)

• च (ca) - and

• गर्जन्तः (garjantaḥ) - (of monkeys) making loud, rumbling sounds (thundering, roaring)

• च (ca) - and

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys, literally "those who go by leaping"

• लब्धलक्षाः (labdhalakṣāḥ) - having achieved victory (having achieved their goal, having attained their objective)

• रघुसुतम् (raghusutam) - Lakshmana (Rāma is also a son of Raghu, but context implies Lakshmana's triumph) (son of Raghu)

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

• उपतस्तिरे (upatastire) - they approached, they stood near, they attended

Words meanings and morphology

क्ष्वेडन्तः (kṣveḍantaḥ) - (of monkeys) making their characteristic loud cries (roaring, making loud sounds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣveḍat

kṣveḍat - roaring, chirping, making noise

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √kṣveḍ (Pāṇinian class 1)

Root: kṣveḍ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'plavaṅgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नदन्तः (nadantaḥ) - (of monkeys) making loud cries, celebrating (shouting, roaring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nadat

nadat - roaring, shouting, sounding

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √nad (Pāṇinian class 1)

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'plavaṅgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

गर्जन्तः (garjantaḥ) - (of monkeys) making loud, rumbling sounds (thundering, roaring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of garjat

garjat - thundering, roaring, growling

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √garj (Pāṇinian class 1)

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'plavaṅgamāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys, literally "those who go by leaping"

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey, literally "one who goes by leaping"

From plava (leap) + gama (going), derived from √plu + √gam

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – a leap, jump, swimming
  noun (masculine)
  from √plu
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, motion
  adjective (masculine)
  from √gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'upatastire'.

लब्धलक्षाः (labdhalakṣāḥ) - having achieved victory (having achieved their goal, having attained their objective)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of labdhalakṣa

labdhalakṣa - having gained one's aim, having hit the mark, successful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (labdha+lakṣa)

• labdha – obtained, gained, acquired
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of √labh
  Root: labh (class 1)
• lakṣa – aim, target, object, goal
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'plavaṅgamāḥ'.

रघुसुतम् (raghusutam) - Lakshmana (Rāma is also a son of Raghu, but context implies Lakshmana's triumph) (son of Raghu)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raghusuta

raghusuta - son of Raghu (an ancestor of Rama and Lakshmana)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raghu+suta)

• raghu – Raghu (proper name of a king, ancestor of Rama)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)
  PPP of √sū (to beget)
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of 'parivārya'.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive (lyaP) form of √vṛ with prefix 'pari-'

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'upatastire'.

उपतस्तिरे (upatastire) - they approached, they stood near, they attended

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (Lit) of sthā

Perfect Middle

3rd person plural Perfect middle of √sthā (Pāṇinian class 1) with prefix 'upa-'

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.