वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-78, verse-21

तयोः सुतुमुलं युद्धं संबभूवाद्भुतोपमम् ।
गगनस्थानि भूतानि लक्ष्मणं पर्यवारयन् ॥२१॥

21. tayoḥ sutumulaṃ yuddhaṃ saṃbabhūvādbhutopamam ,
gaganasthāni bhūtāni lakṣmaṇaṃ paryavārayan.

21. tayoḥ sutumulam yuddham saṃbabhūva adbhutopamam
gaganasthāni bhūtāni lakṣmaṇam paryavārayan

21. An exceedingly tumultuous battle, comparable to a wonder, ensued between them. The beings residing in the sky surrounded Lakṣmaṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - between them (referring to Lakṣmaṇa and Indrajit) (of them, between them (dual genitive/locative))

• सुतुमुलम् (sutumulam) - exceedingly tumultuous (very tumultuous, extremely fierce, exceedingly violent)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (battle, fight, war)

• संबभूव (saṁbabhūva) - ensued, took place (came into existence, took place, arose)

• अद्भुतोपमम् (adbhutopamam) - comparable to a wonder, astonishing in its nature (resembling a wonder, wonderful, astonishing)

• गगनस्थानि (gaganasthāni) - residing in the sky (standing in the sky, celestial)

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - celestial beings (deities, spirits) (beings, creatures, spirits, elements)

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakṣmaṇa (Lakṣmaṇa (accusative))

• पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed)

Words meanings and morphology

तयोः (tayoḥ) - between them (referring to Lakṣmaṇa and Indrajit) (of them, between them (dual genitive/locative))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Specifies the participants of the battle.

सुतुमुलम् (sutumulam) - exceedingly tumultuous (very tumultuous, extremely fierce, exceedingly violent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sutumula

sutumula - very tumultuous, exceedingly fierce

`su` (good, very) + `tumula` (tumultuous, fierce).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+tumula)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix for intensification
• tumula – tumultuous, noisy, agitated
  adjective (neuter)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - the battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (from `yudh`) used as a noun

From root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

संबभूव (saṁbabhūva) - ensued, took place (came into existence, took place, arose)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sam-bhū

Perfect Active

Perfect Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

अद्भुतोपमम् (adbhutopamam) - comparable to a wonder, astonishing in its nature (resembling a wonder, wonderful, astonishing)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhutopama

adbhutopama - resembling a wonder, wonderful

`adbhuta` (wonder) + `upama` (comparison, similitude).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (adbhuta+upama)

• adbhuta – wonder, marvel, astonishing
  noun (neuter)
• upama – comparison, resemblance, simile
  noun (feminine)

गगनस्थानि (gaganasthāni) - residing in the sky (standing in the sky, celestial)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of gaganastha

gaganastha - standing in the sky, celestial

`gagana` (sky) + `stha` (standing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gagana+stha)

• gagana – sky, atmosphere
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated, located
  adjective (neuter)
  From root `sthā` (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - celestial beings (deities, spirits) (beings, creatures, spirits, elements)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, spirit, element, past

Past Passive Participle (from `bhū`) used as a noun

From root `bhū` (to be, to exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakṣmaṇa (Lakṣmaṇa (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakṣmaṇa (name of Rāma's brother)

Note: Object of `paryavārayan`.

पर्यवारयन् (paryavārayan) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pari-vṛ

Imperfect Active

Imperfect Parasmaipada, 3rd person plural. Causative form `vāray`.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)