वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-78, verse-28

तदैन्द्रमस्त्रं सौमित्रिः संयुगेष्वपराजितम् ।
शरश्रेष्ठं धनुः श्रेष्ठे नरश्रेष्ठो ऽभिसंदधे ॥२८॥

28. tadaindramastraṃ saumitriḥ saṃyugeṣvaparājitam ,
śaraśreṣṭhaṃ dhanuḥ śreṣṭhe naraśreṣṭho'bhisaṃdadhe.

28. tadā aindram astram saumitriḥ saṃyugeṣu aparājitam
śaraśreṣṭham dhanuḥ śreṣṭhe naraśreṣṭhaḥ abhisaṃdadhe

28. Then, Lakṣmaṇa, the best among men, aimed the Indric weapon, which was the excellent arrow and unconquered in battles, on his excellent bow.

Words meanings summery:

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• ऐन्द्रम् (aindram) - an astra (missile) associated with Indra (belonging to Indra, Indric, pertaining to Indra)

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - a divine missile (astra) (weapon, missile)

• सौमित्रिः (saumitriḥ) - Lakṣmaṇa (son of Sumitrā, Lakṣmaṇa)

• संयुगेषु (saṁyugeṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

• अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered, undefeated

• शरश्रेष्ठम् (śaraśreṣṭham) - excellent arrow, best arrow

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - on the excellent bow (on the best, on the excellent)

• नरश्रेष्ठः (naraśreṣṭhaḥ) - Lakṣmaṇa, who is the best among men (best among men, excellent man)

• अभिसंदधे (abhisaṁdadhe) - aimed (the arrow) (aimed, placed, fitted)

Words meanings and morphology

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

derived from pronominal base 'tad'

ऐन्द्रम् (aindram) - an astra (missile) associated with Indra (belonging to Indra, Indric, pertaining to Indra)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aindra

aindra - relating to Indra, Indric

formed with suffix 'aṇ' from 'Indra'

Note: Agrees with 'astram'.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - a divine missile (astra) (weapon, missile)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, dart

from root 'as' (to throw)

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of the verb 'abhisaṃdadhe'.

सौमित्रिः (saumitriḥ) - Lakṣmaṇa (son of Sumitrā, Lakṣmaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saumitri

saumitri - son of Sumitrā (referring to Lakṣmaṇa)

patronymic from Sumitrā

Note: Subject of the sentence.

संयुगेषु (saṁyugeṣu) - in battles, in conflicts

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, fight, conflict

'sam' + 'yuj' + 'ghañ'

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Location where the weapon is unconquered.

अपराजितम् (aparājitam) - unconquered, undefeated

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aparājita

aparājita - unconquered, undefeated

Past Passive Participle

'a' (negation) + 'parā' (prefix) + root 'ji' (to conquer) + 'kta' (P.P.P. suffix)

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+parājita)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• parājita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from 'parā-ji'
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'astram' and 'śaraśreṣṭham'.

शरश्रेष्ठम् (śaraśreṣṭham) - excellent arrow, best arrow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraśreṣṭha

śaraśreṣṭha - best arrow, excellent arrow

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śara+śreṣṭha)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, superior
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (good)

Note: Object of 'abhisaṃdadhe', describing the particular missile.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Root: dhān

Note: Used here effectively as a stem, agreeing in sense with 'śreṣṭhe'.

श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - on the excellent bow (on the best, on the excellent)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, superior

superlative of praśasya (good)

Note: Agrees with implied `dhanuṣi` (locative of `dhanus`). So `dhanuḥ śreṣṭhe` means 'on the best bow'.

नरश्रेष्ठः (naraśreṣṭhaḥ) - Lakṣmaṇa, who is the best among men (best among men, excellent man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, superior
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (good)

Note: Epithet for Saumitriḥ (Lakṣmaṇa).

अभिसंदधे (abhisaṁdadhe) - aimed (the arrow) (aimed, placed, fitted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of abhisaṃdhā

perfect tense form with prefixes 'abhi' and 'sam'

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The verb of the sentence.