वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-78, verse-41

के चिल् लङ्कां परित्रस्ताः प्रविष्टा वानरार्दिताः ।
समुद्रे पतिताः के चित् के चित् पर्वतमाश्रिताः ॥४१॥

41. ke cil laṅkāṃ paritrastāḥ praviṣṭā vānarārditāḥ ,
samudre patitāḥ ke cit ke cit parvatamāśritāḥ.

41. ke cit laṅkām paritrastāḥ praviṣṭāḥ vānarārditāḥ
samudre patitāḥ ke cit ke cit parvatam āśritāḥ

41. vānarārditāḥ paritrastāḥ ke cit laṅkām praviṣṭāḥ
ke cit samudre patitāḥ ke cit parvatam āśritāḥ

41. Greatly terrified and harassed by the vānaras, some entered Laṅkā. Others fell into the ocean, and still others took refuge in the mountains.

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - some (as part of `ke cit`) (who, what, some)

• चित् (cit) - (making `ke` indefinite to mean "some") (a particle used to make indefinite pronouns; even, also)

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to Laṅkā (to Laṅkā (the city/island))

• परित्रस्ताः (paritrastāḥ) - greatly terrified (greatly terrified, deeply frightened)

• प्रविष्टाः (praviṣṭāḥ) - entered (entered, gone into)

• वानरार्दिताः (vānarārditāḥ) - harassed by the vānaras (tormented by monkeys, harassed by vānaras)

• समुद्रे (samudre) - into the ocean (in the ocean, into the ocean)

• पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fell (into the ocean) (fallen, dropped)

• आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - took refuge (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

• पर्वतम् (parvatam) - (to the) mountain (mountain, hill)

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - some (as part of `ke cit`) (who, what, some)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used with `cit` to mean "some".

चित् (cit) - (making `ke` indefinite to mean "some") (a particle used to make indefinite pronouns; even, also)

(indeclinable)

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to Laṅkā (to Laṅkā (the city/island))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Laṅkā (name of a city/island)

Note: Object of `praviṣṭāḥ`.

परित्रस्ताः (paritrastāḥ) - greatly terrified (greatly terrified, deeply frightened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paritrasta

paritrasta - greatly terrified, deeply frightened

Past Passive Participle

From `pari`-`tras` (to tremble, to be afraid) + `kta`.

Prefix: pari

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `ke cit`.

प्रविष्टाः (praviṣṭāḥ) - entered (entered, gone into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into, approached

Past Passive Participle

From `pra`-`viś` (to enter) + `kta`. `ś` becomes `ṣṭ` due to sandhi.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Functions as the main verb (predicate) here, "they entered".

वानरार्दिताः (vānarārditāḥ) - harassed by the vānaras (tormented by monkeys, harassed by vānaras)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānarārdita

vānarārdita - tormented by monkeys

Tatpurusha compound: `vānaraiḥ arditāḥ` (tormented by monkeys).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vānara+ardita)

• vānara – monkey, forest-dweller, vānara
  noun (masculine)
• ardita – tormented, afflicted, oppressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `ard` (to pain, afflict) + `kta`.
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `ke cit`.

समुद्रे (samudre) - into the ocean (in the ocean, into the ocean)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Note: Locative of place (or direction of motion implied with `patitāḥ`).

पतिताः (patitāḥ) - fell (into the ocean) (fallen, dropped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

Past Passive Participle

From root `pat` (to fall) + `kta`.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb here, "they fell".

आश्रिताः (āśritāḥ) - took refuge (resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āśrita

āśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, dependent on

Past Passive Participle

From `ā`-`śri` (to resort to, to depend on) + `kta`.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb here, "they took refuge".

पर्वतम् (parvatam) - (to the) mountain (mountain, hill)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

Note: Object of `āśritāḥ`.