वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-62, verse-48

घ्नन्तमन्यं जघानान्यः पातयन्तमपातयत् ।
गर्हमाणं जगर्हान्ये दशन्तमपरे ऽदशत् ॥४८॥

48. ghnantamanyaṃ jaghānānyaḥ pātayantamapātayat ,
garhamāṇaṃ jagarhānye daśantamapare'daśat.

48. ghnantam anyam jaghāna anyaḥ pātayantam apātayat
| garhāmāṇam jagarha anye daśantam apare adaśat

48. anyaḥ ghnatam anyam jaghāna anyaḥ pātayantam apātayat
anye garhamāṇam jagarha apare daśantam adaśat

48. One warrior struck down another who was striking; another felled one who was causing (others) to fall. Others reviled one who was censuring, and others bit one who was biting.

Words meanings summery:

• घ्नन्तम् (ghnantam) - the one who was striking (killing, striking, slaying)

• अन्यम् (anyam) - another warrior (another, other)

• जघान (jaghāna) - struck down (struck, killed, slew)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another warrior (another, other)

• पातयन्तम् (pātayantam) - the one who was felling (others) (causing to fall, felling)

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - felled (another) (caused to fall, felled)

• गर्हामाणम् (garhāmāṇam) - the one who was censuring (reviling, censuring, blaming)

• जगर्ह (jagarha) - reviled (another) (reviled, censured)

• अन्ये (anye) - other warriors (others)

• दशन्तम् (daśantam) - the one who was biting (biting)

• अपरे (apare) - other warriors (others)

• अदशत् (adaśat) - bit (another) (bit)

Words meanings and morphology

घ्नन्तम् (ghnantam) - the one who was striking (killing, striking, slaying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghnat

ghnat - striking, killing, slaying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill), class 2 (adā-di), forming participle `ghnat`. Accusative singular masculine.

Root: han (class 2)

अन्यम् (anyam) - another warrior (another, other)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - another, other, different

जघान (jaghāna) - struck down (struck, killed, slew)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular root in perfect.

Root: han (class 2)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another warrior (another, other)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - another, other, different

पातयन्तम् (pātayantam) - the one who was felling (others) (causing to fall, felling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pātayat

pātayat - causing to fall, felling

Present Active Participle (causative)

Derived from causative of root pat (to fall) - `pātaya`. Accusative singular masculine.

Root: pat (class 1)

अपातयत् (apātayat) - felled (another) (caused to fall, felled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pātaya

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular (causative)

From causative stem `pātaya` of root `pat`.

Root: pat (class 1)

गर्हामाणम् (garhāmāṇam) - the one who was censuring (reviling, censuring, blaming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of garhamāṇa

garhamāṇa - reviling, censuring, blaming

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root garh (to blame, revile), class 1 (bhūvā-di), forming participle `garhamāṇa`. Accusative singular masculine.

Root: garh (class 1)

जगर्ह (jagarha) - reviled (another) (reviled, censured)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of garh

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated perfect.

Root: garh (class 1)

अन्ये (anye) - other warriors (others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - another, other, different

Note: While `anye` is nominative plural, the verb `jagarha` is singular. This could be a grammatical irregularity in epic style, where a plural subject is used with a singular verb, especially when describing continuous, distributed action. For consistency, the translation reflects a plural subject, implying multiple 'others' performing the action individually.

दशन्तम् (daśantam) - the one who was biting (biting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśant

daśant - biting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root daś (to bite), class 1 (bhūvā-di), forming participle `daśant`. Accusative singular masculine.

Root: daś (class 1)

अपरे (apare) - other warriors (others)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - another, other, later

Note: Similar grammatical note as for `anye` regarding singular verb `adaśat`.

अदशत् (adaśat) - bit (another) (bit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of daś

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

From root `daś`.

Root: daś (class 1)

Note: This singular verb with a plural subject (`apare`) is a known epic usage.