वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-36, verse-31

ततस्तस्याक्षि काकस्य
हिनस्ति स्म स दक्षिणम् ॥३१॥

31. tatastasyākṣi kākasya
hinasti sma sa dakṣiṇam.

31. tataḥ tasya akṣi kākasya
hinasti sma saḥ dakṣiṇam

31. tataḥ saḥ kākasya tasya
dakṣiṇam akṣi hinasti sma

31. Then he (Rama) injured the right eye of that crow.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (crow) (his, its, of that)

• अक्षि (akṣi) - eye

• काकस्य (kākasya) - of the crow

• हिनस्ति (hinasti) - injured (past action with 'sma') (injures, hurts, destroys)

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense (indeed, certainly (when with past verb), converts present tense verb to past)

• सः (saḥ) - He (Rama) (he, that)

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - right (eye) (right (direction), southern, clever)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (crow) (his, its, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular.

अक्षि (akṣi) - eye

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akṣi

akṣi - eye

Note: Accusative singular.

काकस्य (kākasya) - of the crow

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

Note: Genitive singular.

हिनस्ति (hinasti) - injured (past action with 'sma') (injures, hurts, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hiṃs

Present tense, active voice

3rd person singular, present indicative, active voice of √hiṃs. When used with 'sma', indicates past tense.

Root: hiṃs (class 7)

Note: Present tense, used with 'sma' to denote past action.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense (indeed, certainly (when with past verb), converts present tense verb to past)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

सः (saḥ) - He (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - right (eye) (right (direction), southern, clever)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - right, southern, clever

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying 'akṣi'.

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