वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-36, verse-19

त्वया विहसिता चाहं क्रुद्धा संलज्जिता तदा ।
भक्ष्य गृद्धेन कालेन दारिता त्वामुपागता ॥१९॥

19. tvayā vihasitā cāhaṃ kruddhā saṃlajjitā tadā ,
bhakṣya gṛddhena kālena dāritā tvāmupāgatā.

19. tvayā vihasitā ca aham kruddhā saṃlajjitā tadā
bhakṣya-gṛddhena kālena dāritā tvām upāgatā

19. tadā tvayā ca aham kruddhā saṃlajjitā vihasitā
bhakṣya-gṛddhena kālena dāritā tvām upāgatā

19. Then I was laughed at by you, angry and ashamed. Wounded by the crow, which was like greedy time (kāla), I approached you.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• विहसिता (vihasitā) - was laughed at (laughed at, derided)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अहम् (aham) - I

• क्रुद्धा (kruddhā) - angry, enraged

• संलज्जिता (saṁlajjitā) - ashamed, embarrassed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भक्ष्य-गृद्धेन (bhakṣya-gṛddhena) - by one greedy for prey/food

• कालेन (kālena) - by time (personified as the destructive crow) (by time, by destiny, by death, by a crow)

• दारिता (dāritā) - having been wounded (torn, wounded, split)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• उपागता (upāgatā) - approached, arrived

Words meanings and morphology

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction.

विहसिता (vihasitā) - was laughed at (laughed at, derided)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vihasita

vihasita - laughed at, ridiculed, smiled

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle (feminine singular nominative) from root has (to laugh) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: has (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of mad

mad - I

Note: Sita is the speaker.

क्रुद्धा (kruddhā) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle (feminine singular nominative) from root krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

संलज्जिता (saṁlajjitā) - ashamed, embarrassed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃlajjita

saṁlajjita - ashamed, embarrassed, bashful

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle (feminine singular nominative) from root lajj (to be ashamed) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: lajj (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

भक्ष्य-गृद्धेन (bhakṣya-gṛddhena) - by one greedy for prey/food

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhakṣya-gṛddha

bhakṣya-gṛddha - greedy for prey/food, eager for prey

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhakṣya+gṛddha)

• bhakṣya – food, prey, eatable
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive from root bhakṣ (to eat)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)
• gṛddha – greedy, eager, covetous
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root gṛdh (to be greedy)
  Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Modifies kālena.

कालेन (kālena) - by time (personified as the destructive crow) (by time, by destiny, by death, by a crow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, destiny, death, a black color, a crow

Note: Refers to the crow, understood as an agent of destructive time/destiny.

दारिता (dāritā) - having been wounded (torn, wounded, split)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dārita

dārita - torn, wounded, split

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle (feminine singular nominative) from causal of root dṛ (to tear)

Root: dṛ (class 9)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Rama is the object.

उपागता (upāgatā) - approached, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, come near

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle (feminine singular nominative) from root gam (to go) with prefixes upa- and ā-

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in an active sense here with aham.

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