वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-36, verse-30

परिद्यूनं विषण्णं च स त्वमायान्तमुक्तवान् ।
मोघं कर्तुं न शक्यं तु ब्राह्ममस्त्रं तदुच्यताम् ॥३०॥

30. paridyūnaṃ viṣaṇṇaṃ ca sa tvamāyāntamuktavān ,
moghaṃ kartuṃ na śakyaṃ tu brāhmamastraṃ taducyatām.

30. paridyūnam viṣaṇṇam ca saḥ tvām āyāntam uktavān
mogham kartum na śakyam tu brāhmam astram tat ucyatām

30. saḥ paridyūnam viṣaṇṇam ca āyāntam tvām uktavān brāhmam astram tu mogham kartum na śakyam,
tat ucyatām

30. He (Jayanta) said to you (Rama), who were approaching, emaciated and dejected: 'The divine weapon (brahmāstra) cannot be rendered useless; therefore, let it be employed.'

Words meanings summery:

• परिद्यूनम् (paridyūnam) - emaciated (greatly distressed, emaciated, wasted away)

• विषण्णम् (viṣaṇṇam) - dejected (dejected, sad, dispirited)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सः (saḥ) - He (Jayanta) (he, that)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - to you (Rama) (you)

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching (coming, approaching)

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - said (said, spoken, told)

• मोघम् (mogham) - useless (useless, vain, ineffectual)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to render (to do, to make, to perform)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - cannot (be rendered) (possible, capable, able)

• तु (tu) - therefore (or just for emphasis) (but, yet, on the other hand)

• ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - divine (related to Brahmā), pertaining to a (brahmāstra) (belonging to Brahman, divine, sacred)

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (brahmāstra) (weapon, missile)

• तत् (tat) - it (the weapon) (that, it)

• उच्यताम् (ucyatām) - let it be employed/directed (let it be said, let it be spoken, let it be directed)

Words meanings and morphology

परिद्यूनम् (paridyūnam) - emaciated (greatly distressed, emaciated, wasted away)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paridyūna

paridyūna - greatly distressed, emaciated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √dyū (to be sorry, afflicted) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: dyū

Note: Accusative singular, modifying 'tvām'.

विषण्णम् (viṣaṇṇam) - dejected (dejected, sad, dispirited)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, sad, dispirited

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sad (to sink, despond) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular, modifying 'tvām'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सः (saḥ) - He (Jayanta) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - to you (Rama) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Accusative singular.

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching (coming, approaching)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - coming, approaching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √yā (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Accusative singular, modifying 'tvām'.

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - said (said, spoken, told)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uktavat

uktavat - one who has said

Past Active Participle

Derived from root √vac (to speak) with suffix -tavat (ktavat).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Past Active Participle, agreeing with 'saḥ'.

मोघम् (mogham) - useless (useless, vain, ineffectual)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mogha

mogha - useless, vain, fruitless

Note: Accusative singular, predicate adjective for 'astram'.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to render (to do, to make, to perform)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive from root √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Infinitive expressing purpose.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

शक्यम् (śakyam) - cannot (be rendered) (possible, capable, able)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, practicable

Gerundive

Gerundive from root √śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Nominative singular neuter, used impersonally with infinitive.

तु (tu) - therefore (or just for emphasis) (but, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating emphasis or contrast.

ब्राह्मम् (brāhmam) - divine (related to Brahmā), pertaining to a (brahmāstra) (belonging to Brahman, divine, sacred)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brāhma

brāhma - relating to Brahmā or the Vedas, divine

Derived from 'brahman' (Brahma or sacred knowledge).

Note: Nominative singular neuter, modifying 'astram'.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (brahmāstra) (weapon, missile)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile

Note: Nominative singular neuter.

तत् (tat) - it (the weapon) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative singular neuter.

उच्यताम् (ucyatām) - let it be employed/directed (let it be said, let it be spoken, let it be directed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of vac

Imperative tense, passive voice

3rd person singular, imperative (lot), passive voice of √vac. Implies 'let it be directed/used'.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 3rd person singular imperative passive.

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