वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-36, verse-23

वीक्षमाणस्ततस्तं वै वायसं समवैक्षथाः ।
नखैः सरुधिरैस्तीक्ष्णैर्मामेवाभिमुखं स्थितम् ॥२३॥

23. vīkṣamāṇastatastaṃ vai vāyasaṃ samavaikṣathāḥ ,
nakhaiḥ sarudhiraistīkṣṇairmāmevābhimukhaṃ sthitam.

23. vīkṣamāṇaḥ tataḥ tam vai vāyasam samavaikṣathāḥ
nakhaiḥ sarudhiraiḥ tīkṣṇaiḥ mām eva abhimukham sthitam

23. tataḥ vīkṣamāṇaḥ tam vai vāyasam mām eva abhimukham
tīkṣṇaiḥ sarudhiraiḥ nakhaiḥ sthitam samavaikṣathāḥ

23. Then, looking intently, you indeed perceived that crow which was standing facing me, its sharp claws covered in blood.

Words meanings summery:

• वीक्षमाणः (vīkṣamāṇaḥ) - you, observing intently (looking, observing, seeing)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, thereupon)

• तम् (tam) - that (crow) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, verily)

• वायसम् (vāyasam) - the crow (crow, bird)

• समवैक्षथाः (samavaikṣathāḥ) - you perceived (you perceived, you observed thoroughly)

• नखैः (nakhaiḥ) - with claws (of the crow) (with nails, with claws)

• सरुधिरैः (sarudhiraiḥ) - with bloody (claws) (with bloody ones, having blood)

• तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp (claws) (with sharp ones)

• माम् (mām) - me

• एव (eva) - indeed, exactly (indeed, only, just)

• अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing (me) (facing towards, in front of, facing)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (facing me) (standing, situated, present)

Words meanings and morphology

वीक्षमाणः (vīkṣamāṇaḥ) - you, observing intently (looking, observing, seeing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīkṣamāṇa

vīkṣamāṇa - looking, observing, seeing

Present Middle Participle

From root √īkṣ (to see) with prefix vi-, and -māna suffix for middle voice.

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject 'tvam' (you).

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

तम् (tam) - that (crow) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'vāyasam'.

वै (vai) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, surely, verily)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

वायसम् (vāyasam) - the crow (crow, bird)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāyasa

vāyasa - crow, bird

Note: Object of 'samavaikṣathāḥ'.

समवैक्षथाः (samavaikṣathāḥ) - you perceived (you perceived, you observed thoroughly)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samavaikṣ

Imperfect, 2nd person singular

Middle voice. From root √īkṣ (to see) with prefixes sam- and ava-.

Prefixes: sam+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

नखैः (nakhaiḥ) - with claws (of the crow) (with nails, with claws)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nakha

nakha - nail, claw

Note: Descriptive of the crow, indicating an attribute of the crow (having such claws).

सरुधिरैः (sarudhiraiḥ) - with bloody (claws) (with bloody ones, having blood)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarudhira

sarudhira - bloody, with blood

Bahuvrīhi compound: sa (with) + rudhira (blood).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+rudhira)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix/indeclinable
• rudhira – blood
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rudh (class 7)

तीक्ष्णैः (tīkṣṇaiḥ) - with sharp (claws) (with sharp ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent

Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Instrumental plural, qualifying 'nakhaiḥ'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of 'abhimukham' (facing towards me).

एव (eva) - indeed, exactly (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'mām'.

अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing (me) (facing towards, in front of, facing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, directed towards, present

Tatpuruṣa compound: abhi (towards) + mukha (face). Accusative neuter singular used adverbially.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhi+mukha)

• abhi – towards, against, over
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial modifier for 'sthitam'.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (facing me) (standing, situated, present)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, placed, standing

Past Passive Participle

From root √sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vāyasam'.

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