वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-95, verse-45

तान्नरान्बाष्पपूर्णाक्षान् समीक्ष्याथ सुदुःखितान् ।
पर्यष्वजत धर्मज्ञः पितृवन्मातृवच्च सः ॥४५॥

45. tānnarānbāṣpapūrṇākṣān samīkṣyātha suduḥkhitān ,
paryaṣvajata dharmajñaḥ pitṛvanmātṛvacca saḥ.

45. tān narān bāṣpapūrṇākṣān samīkṣya atha suduḥkhitān
paryaṣvajata dharmajñaḥ pitṛvat mātṛvat ca saḥ

45. saḥ dharmajñaḥ tān bāṣpapūrṇākṣān suduḥkhitān
narān samīkṣya atha pitṛvat ca mātṛvat paryaṣvajata

45. Having seen those men, whose eyes were filled with tears and who were greatly distressed, then he, the knower of natural law (dharma), embraced them like a father and like a mother.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those

• नरान् (narān) - men, people

• बाष्पपूर्णाक्षान् (bāṣpapūrṇākṣān) - with eyes full of tears

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• अथ (atha) - then, next, subsequently

• सुदुःखितान् (suduḥkhitān) - greatly distressed, very sorrowful

• पर्यष्वजत (paryaṣvajata) - he embraced

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of natural law (dharma)

• पितृवत् (pitṛvat) - like a father

• मातृवत् (mātṛvat) - like a mother

• च (ca) - and

• सः (saḥ) - he

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

नरान् (narān) - men, people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Object of samīkṣya.

बाष्पपूर्णाक्षान् (bāṣpapūrṇākṣān) - with eyes full of tears

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāṣpapūrṇākṣa

bāṣpapūrṇākṣa - having eyes full of tears

Compound: bāṣpa (tears) + pūrṇa (full) + akṣa (eye).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāṣpa+pūrṇa+akṣa)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• pūrṇa – full, complete
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pṛ (to fill) + kta suffix.
  Root: pṛ (class 3)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Formed with sam prefix + root īkṣ + lyap suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used to indicate an action preceding the main verb.

अथ (atha) - then, next, subsequently

(indeclinable)

सुदुःखितान् (suduḥkhitān) - greatly distressed, very sorrowful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - very distressed, extremely sorrowful

Compound: su (very, intensely) + duḥkhita (distressed, sorrowful - which is a P.P.P. from duḥkh).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very (prefix)
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, grieved, sorrowful
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root duḥkh (to suffer, be unhappy) + kta suffix.
  Root: duḥkh (class 10)

पर्यष्वजत (paryaṣvajata) - he embraced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pari-ṣvaj

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd Person Singular, Ātmanepada. Root svaj with prefix pari. 'ṣ' from 'sv' due to retroflexion after 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: svaj (class 1)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma (natural law, righteousness, duty)

Compound: dharma + jña (knowing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower of
  adjective/noun
  From root jñā (to know) + ka suffix.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Epithet for the subject saḥ.

पितृवत् (pitṛvat) - like a father

(indeclinable)

From pitṛ (father) + vat (like) suffix.

मातृवत् (mātṛvat) - like a mother

(indeclinable)

From mātṛ (mother) + vat (like) suffix.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects pitṛvat and mātṛvat.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular form of tad.

Note: Subject of the verb paryaṣvajata.