वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-95, verse-30

ऐङ्गुदं बदरीमिश्रं पिण्याकं दर्भसंस्तरे ।
न्यस्य रामः सुदुःखार्तो रुदन् वचनमब्रवीत् ॥३०॥

30. aiṅgudaṃ badarīmiśraṃ piṇyākaṃ darbhasaṃstare ,
nyasya rāmaḥ suduḥkhārto rudan vacanamabravīt.

30. aiṅgudam badarīmiśram piṇyākam darbhsaṃstare
nyasya rāmaḥ sudukhārtaḥ rudan vacanam abravīt

30. rāmaḥ sudukhārtaḥ rudan aiṅgudam badarīmiśram
piṇyākam darbhsaṃstare nyasya vacanam abravīt

30. Having placed an oil-cake made from Ingudi (seeds), mixed with Jujube fruits, upon a mat of Darbha grass, Rāma, overcome with great sorrow and weeping, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• ऐङ्गुदम् (aiṅgudam) - an offering (oil-cake) made from the Ingudi tree's product (related to Ingudi, made from Ingudi)

• बदरीमिश्रम् (badarīmiśram) - mixed with Jujube fruits (mixed with Jujube)

• पिण्याकम् (piṇyākam) - an oil-cake offered as food (oil-cake, residue after pressing oil)

• दर्भ्संस्तरे (darbhsaṁstare) - on a mat made of Darbha grass (on a mat of Darbha grass, on a bed of Darbha)

• न्यस्य (nyasya) - having placed the offering (having placed, having put down)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma, the protagonist of Ramayana (Rāma (proper noun))

• सुदुखार्तः (sudukhārtaḥ) - Rāma, greatly distressed by sorrow (greatly afflicted by sorrow, very distressed)

• रुदन् (rudan) - weeping while speaking (weeping, crying)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - these words, speech (word, speech, saying)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Rāma spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

ऐङ्गुदम् (aiṅgudam) - an offering (oil-cake) made from the Ingudi tree's product (related to Ingudi, made from Ingudi)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aiṅguda

aiṅguda - relating to the Ingudi tree or its fruit/oil

derived from iṅgudī (इङ्गुदी) + aṇ (अण्) suffix for 'made of' or 'relating to'

Note: It qualifies 'piṇyākam', hence neuter accusative singular.

बदरीमिश्रम् (badarīmiśram) - mixed with Jujube fruits (mixed with Jujube)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of badarīmiśra

badarīmiśra - mixed with Badari (jujube)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (badarī+miśra)

• badarī – jujube tree, jujube fruit
  noun (feminine)
• miśra – mixed, mingled, combined
  adjective (masculine)
  from root miśr (मिश्र्)
  Root: miśr (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'piṇyākam'.

पिण्याकम् (piṇyākam) - an oil-cake offered as food (oil-cake, residue after pressing oil)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of piṇyāka

piṇyāka - oil-cake, sesame-cake, residue after oil extraction

Note: Object of 'nyasya'.

दर्भ्संस्तरे (darbhsaṁstare) - on a mat made of Darbha grass (on a mat of Darbha grass, on a bed of Darbha)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of darbhsaṃstara

darbhsaṁstara - a mat or bed made of Darbha grass

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (darbha+saṃstara)

• darbha – a sacred grass (Poa cynosuroides), kuśa grass
  noun (masculine)
• saṃstara – a bed, couch, mat, layer, carpet
  noun (masculine)
  from saṃ- + stṛ
  Prefix: sam
  Root: stṛ (class 5)

Note: Location where the offering is placed.

न्यस्य (nyasya) - having placed the offering (having placed, having put down)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from ni- + as (root)

Prefix: ni

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Absolutive, showing prior action.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma, the protagonist of Ramayana (Rāma (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name); pleasing, charming; darkness (in some contexts)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सुदुखार्तः (sudukhārtaḥ) - Rāma, greatly distressed by sorrow (greatly afflicted by sorrow, very distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudukhārta

sudukhārta - greatly afflicted by sorrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+duḥkha+ārta)

• su – good, well, very, excellent (intensive prefix)
  indeclinable
• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ṛ (to go, to move) + kta (suffix)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmaḥ'.

रुदन् (rudan) - weeping while speaking (weeping, crying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying (participle)

Present Active Participle

from root rud (रुद्) + śatṛ (शतृ) suffix

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmaḥ', acting simultaneously with the main verb.

वचनम् (vacanam) - these words, speech (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, expression

from root vac (वच्)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Rāma spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.