वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-95, verse-31

इदं भुङ्क्ष्व महाराजप्रीतो यदशना वयम् ।
यदन्नः पुरुषो भवति तदन्नास्तस्य देवताः ॥३१॥

31. idaṃ bhuṅkṣva mahārājaprīto yadaśanā vayam ,
yadannaḥ puruṣo bhavati tadannāstasya devatāḥ.

31. idam bhuṅkṣva mahārāja prītaḥ yat aśanāḥ vayam
yat annaḥ puruṣaḥ bhavati tat annāḥ tasya devatāḥ

31. mahārāja,
(tvam) prītaḥ (san) idam bhuṅkṣva.
yat-aśanāḥ vayam (iti jñātvā).
puruṣaḥ yat annaḥ bhavati,
tasya devatāḥ tat annāḥ (bhavanti).

31. O great king, please partake of this offering (food), being pleased that this is the kind of food we subsist on. For whatever food a person (puruṣa) eats, that same food becomes the sustenance for his deities (ancestors).

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this offering/food (this)

• भुङ्क्ष्व (bhuṅkṣva) - please accept and consume this offering (please eat, enjoy, partake)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O (ancestors addressed as) great kings (O great king)

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - (you, the ancestors, be) pleased (pleased, satisfied, delighted)

• यत् (yat) - because (that, which, because)

• अशनाः (aśanāḥ) - we (are) those whose food is this (those who eat, having food)

• वयम् (vayam) - we, (Rāma and his companions) (we)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which)

• अन्नः (annaḥ) - whose food is, subsisting on food (food, (having) food)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - any person (man, person, human being (puruṣa))

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is)

• तत् (tat) - that same (that)

• अन्नाः (annāḥ) - those who have that food (as sustenance) (food, those who have food)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that person (his, its)

• देवताः (devatāḥ) - ancestral deities/spirits (deities, gods)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this offering/food (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, present

Note: Object of 'bhuṅkṣva'.

भुङ्क्ष्व (bhuṅkṣva) - please accept and consume this offering (please eat, enjoy, partake)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Main verb, direct address.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O (ancestors addressed as) great kings (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to the recipient of the offering (Rāma's ancestors).

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - (you, the ancestors, be) pleased (pleased, satisfied, delighted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, beloved

Past Passive Participle

from root prī (प्री)

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: It agrees with the implied subject (ancestors), who are asked to be pleased.

यत् (yat) - because (that, which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, that, because, since

Note: Conjunction introducing a causal clause.

अशनाः (aśanāḥ) - we (are) those whose food is this (those who eat, having food)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśana

aśana - eating, food, that which is eaten

from root aś (अश्)

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Used in the context of 'yad-aśanāḥ vayam' meaning 'we who subsist on that food'.

वयम् (vayam) - we, (Rāma and his companions) (we)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Subject of the clause 'we subsist'.

यत् (yat) - whatever (which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, that, whatever

Note: Part of the relative compound 'yad-annaḥ'.

अन्नः (annaḥ) - whose food is, subsisting on food (food, (having) food)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anna

anna - food, boiled rice

Past Passive Participle (of ad, 'to eat')

from root ad (अद्), literally 'eaten'

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Part of 'yad-annaḥ' (bahuvrīhi: "one whose food is that").

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - any person (man, person, human being (puruṣa))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being; the cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Subject of the clause.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

तत् (tat) - that same (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative of 'yat'. Part of 'tat-annāḥ'.

अन्नाः (annāḥ) - those who have that food (as sustenance) (food, those who have food)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anna

anna - food, boiled rice

Past Passive Participle (of ad, 'to eat')

from root ad (अद्), literally 'eaten'

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Part of 'tad-annāḥ' (bahuvrīhi: "those whose food is that").

तस्य (tasya) - of that person (his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive adjective modifying 'devatāḥ'.

देवताः (devatāḥ) - ancestral deities/spirits (deities, gods)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - divinity, godhead, a deity, god, goddess

Note: Subject of the implied verb "become" (bhavanti).