वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-95, verse-1

रामस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा भरतः प्रत्युवाच ह ।
किं मे धर्माद्विहीनस्य राजधर्मः करिष्यति ॥१॥

1. rāmasya vacanaṃ śrutvā bharataḥ pratyuvāca ha ,
kiṃ me dharmādvihīnasya rājadharmaḥ kariṣyati.

1. rāmasya vacanam śrutvā bharataḥ pratyuvāca ha
kim me dharmāt vihīnasya rājadharmaḥ kariṣyati

1. bharataḥ rāmasya vacanam śrutvā ha pratyuvāca:
dharmāt vihīnasya me kim rājadharmaḥ kariṣyati?

1. Having heard Rama's words, Bharata replied: "What will the constitutional duty (dharma) of a king do for me, who am devoid of righteousness (dharma)?"

Words meanings summery:

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating a past event or emphasis)

• किम् (kim) - what good? (what?, why?)

• मे (me) - for my benefit, as for me (to me, for me, my)

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from righteousness (dharma) (from duty, from righteousness, from intrinsic nature (dharma))

• विहीनस्य (vihīnasya) - of one deprived, of one devoid, of one lacking

• राजधर्मः (rājadharmaḥ) - royal duty, king's constitutional duty (dharma)

• करिष्यति (kariṣyati) - will achieve, will benefit (will do, will perform)

Words meanings and morphology

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name of a prince)

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, speech, word

from root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root 'śru' with suffix '-tvā'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Describes action preceding 'pratyuvāca'.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name of Rama's brother), one who supports/maintains

Note: Subject of 'pratyuvāca'.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pratyuvāc

Perfect Tense, Active Voice

from prati-√vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating a past event or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often untranslated in modern English.

किम् (kim) - what good? (what?, why?)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Here used as an interrogative pronoun.

मे (me) - for my benefit, as for me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

Note: Serves as a dative of interest.

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from righteousness (dharma) (from duty, from righteousness, from intrinsic nature (dharma))

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty (dharma)

from root 'dhṛ'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: 'vihīnasya' takes an ablative.

विहीनस्य (vihīnasya) - of one deprived, of one devoid, of one lacking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vihīna

vihīna - deprived of, devoid of, lacking

Past Passive Participle

from vi-√hā + kta

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'me' (implied 'mama' as 'of me, a lacking one').

राजधर्मः (rājadharmaḥ) - royal duty, king's constitutional duty (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājadharma

rājadharma - king's duty, royal law, constitutional duty (dharma) of a king

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'dhṛ'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kariṣyati'.

करिष्यति (kariṣyati) - will achieve, will benefit (will do, will perform)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kṛ

Future Tense, Active Voice

from root 'kṛ' (8th class)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Verb of the rhetorical question.