वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-95, verse-41

तेन वित्रासिता नागाः करेणुपरिवारिताः ।
आवासयन्तो गन्धेन जग्मुरन्यद्वनं ततः ॥४१॥

41. tena vitrāsitā nāgāḥ kareṇuparivāritāḥ ,
āvāsayanto gandhena jagmuranyadvanaṃ tataḥ.

41. tena vitrāsitāḥ nāgāḥ kareṇuparivāritāḥ
āvāsayantaḥ gandhena jagmuḥ anyat vanam tataḥ

41. tena vitrāsitāḥ kareṇuparivāritāḥ nāgāḥ
gandhena āvāsayantaḥ tataḥ anyat vanam jagmuḥ

41. Terrified by that (sound), the elephants, accompanied by their female counterparts, departed from that place and went to another forest, marking their path with their scent.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that (sound, referring to the tumultuous sound from the previous verse) (by that, by him, with that)

• वित्रासिताः (vitrāsitāḥ) - terrified (frightened, alarmed, terrified)

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants (elephants, snakes, mountain dwellers)

• करेणुपरिवारिताः (kareṇuparivāritāḥ) - accompanied by their female counterparts (surrounded by female elephants)

• आवासयन्तः (āvāsayantaḥ) - marking their path/territory (with scent) (causing to dwell, inhabiting, perfuming, marking with scent)

• गन्धेन (gandhena) - by their scent (from musk glands, etc.) (by scent, by smell, by perfume)

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they departed (they went)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - another (another, other)

• वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that place (from there, then, afterwards)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that (sound, referring to the tumultuous sound from the previous verse) (by that, by him, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agent of 'vitrāsitāḥ'.

वित्रासिताः (vitrāsitāḥ) - terrified (frightened, alarmed, terrified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitrāsita

vitrāsita - frightened, alarmed, terrified

Past Passive Participle

From root 'trās' (to frighten) with prefix 'vi-'. 'trāsita' is the P.P.P.

Prefix: vi

Root: trās (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgāḥ'.

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants (elephants, snakes, mountain dwellers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - elephant, snake, mountain, cloud

From root 'nah' (to bind), or 'na' + 'ga' (not moving).

Note: Subject of 'jagmuḥ'.

करेणुपरिवारिताः (kareṇuparivāritāḥ) - accompanied by their female counterparts (surrounded by female elephants)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kareṇuparivārita

kareṇuparivārita - surrounded by female elephants

Past Passive Participle

Compound: 'kareṇu' (female elephant) and 'parivārita' (surrounded). Instrumental Tatpurusha.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (kareṇu+parivārita)

• kareṇu – female elephant
  noun (feminine)
  u-ending feminine noun.
• parivārita – surrounded, encompassed, attended by
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛ' (to cover, surround) with prefix 'pari-'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgāḥ'.

आवासयन्तः (āvāsayantaḥ) - marking their path/territory (with scent) (causing to dwell, inhabiting, perfuming, marking with scent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āvāsayat

āvāsayat - causing to dwell, inhabiting, perfuming, marking with scent

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Formed from the causative of 'ā-vas' (to dwell) + 'śatṛ' (present active participle suffix).

Prefix: ā

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgāḥ' and acts as a descriptive verb.

गन्धेन (gandhena) - by their scent (from musk glands, etc.) (by scent, by smell, by perfume)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, scent, fragrance

From root 'gandh' (to smell).

Root: gandh (class 10)

Note: Means by which they mark.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went, they departed (they went)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of gam

Perfect Tense (Lit)

Reduplicated perfect form of 'gam'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

अन्यत् (anyat) - another (another, other)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Qualifies 'vanam'.

वनम् (vanam) - forest (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Object of motion (went to).

ततः (tataḥ) - from that place (from there, then, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' + 'tas' suffix.

Note: Indicates departure point.