वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-95, verse-44

तेन शब्देन वित्रस्तैराकाशं पक्षिभिर्वृतम् ।
मनुष्यैरावृता भूमिरुभयं प्रबभौ तदा ॥४४॥

44. tena śabdena vitrastairākāśaṃ pakṣibhirvṛtam ,
manuṣyairāvṛtā bhūmirubhayaṃ prababhau tadā.

44. tena śabdena vitrastaiḥ ākāśam pakṣibhiḥ vṛtam
manuṣyaiḥ āvṛtā bhūmiḥ ubhayam prababhau tadā

44. tena śabdena vitrastaiḥ pakṣibhiḥ ākāśam vṛtam
manuṣyaiḥ bhūmiḥ āvṛtā (ca) tadā ubhayam prababhau

44. By that sound, the sky was covered by startled birds, and the earth was covered by humans; thus, both appeared splendid at that time.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• शब्देन (śabdena) - by sound, by noise

• वित्रस्तैः (vitrastaiḥ) - referring to the startled birds and potentially other animals/people (by the startled ones, by those who fled)

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the sky

• पक्षिभिः (pakṣibhiḥ) - by birds

• वृतम् (vṛtam) - covered, surrounded

• मनुष्यैः (manuṣyaiḥ) - by humans, by men

• आवृता (āvṛtā) - covered, surrounded

• भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth, ground

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - referring to both the sky and the earth (both, both things)

• प्रबभौ (prababhau) - shone, appeared splendid

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with śabdena.

शब्देन (śabdena) - by sound, by noise

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

Root: śabd (class 10)

वित्रस्तैः (vitrastaiḥ) - referring to the startled birds and potentially other animals/people (by the startled ones, by those who fled)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vitrasta

vitrasta - startled, frightened, fled

Past Passive Participle

Formed from vi + root tras + kta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with pakṣibhiḥ.

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - the sky

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether

Note: Subject of passive participle vṛtam.

पक्षिभिः (pakṣibhiḥ) - by birds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Note: Agent in passive construction (ākāśam vṛtam pakṣibhiḥ).

वृतम् (vṛtam) - covered, surrounded

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛta

vṛta - covered, surrounded, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, surround) + kta suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for ākāśam.

मनुष्यैः (manuṣyaiḥ) - by humans, by men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - man, human being

Note: Agent in passive construction (bhūmiḥ āvṛtā manuṣyaiḥ).

आवृता (āvṛtā) - covered, surrounded

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

From prefix ā + root vṛ (to cover, surround) + kta suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for bhūmiḥ.

भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth, ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, land, ground

Note: Subject of passive participle āvṛtā.

उभयम् (ubhayam) - referring to both the sky and the earth (both, both things)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, two kinds

Note: Subject of prababhau.

प्रबभौ (prababhau) - shone, appeared splendid

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-bhā

Perfect (liṭ), 3rd Person Singular, Parasmaipada. Root bhā (to shine).

Prefix: pra

Root: bhā (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun tad + suffix dā.