महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-9, chapter-4, verse-3
यत्किंचित्सुहृदा वाच्यं तत्सर्वं श्रावितो ह्यहम् ।
कृतं च भवता सर्वं प्राणान्संत्यज्य युध्यता ॥३॥
कृतं च भवता सर्वं प्राणान्संत्यज्य युध्यता ॥३॥
3. yatkiṁcitsuhṛdā vācyaṁ tatsarvaṁ śrāvito hyaham ,
kṛtaṁ ca bhavatā sarvaṁ prāṇānsaṁtyajya yudhyatā.
kṛtaṁ ca bhavatā sarvaṁ prāṇānsaṁtyajya yudhyatā.
3.
yatkiṃcit suhṛdā vācyam tat sarvam śrāvitaḥ hi aham
kṛtam ca bhavatā sarvam prāṇān saṃtyajya yudhyatā
kṛtam ca bhavatā sarvam prāṇān saṃtyajya yudhyatā
3.
yat kiṃcit suhṛdā vācyam tat sarvam aham hi śrāvitaḥ
ca bhavatā prāṇān saṃtyajya yudhyatā sarvam kṛtam
ca bhavatā prāṇān saṃtyajya yudhyatā sarvam kṛtam
3.
I have indeed been told all that a loyal friend (suhṛd) should say. And you have accomplished everything, fighting even to the point of giving up your very life (prāṇa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यत्किंचित् (yatkiṁcit) - whatever, whatsoever
- सुहृदा (suhṛdā) - by a friend, by a well-wisher
- वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be said, ought to be spoken, suitable to be said
- तत् (tat) - refers to 'whatever is to be said' (that)
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, everything
- श्रावितः (śrāvitaḥ) - I have been informed (made to hear, informed)
- हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, certainly, for)
- अहम् (aham) - Duryodhana (I)
- कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, accomplished
- च (ca) - and
- भवता (bhavatā) - by Kṛpa (by you)
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything
- प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life itself, vital force (prāṇa) (lives, breaths, vital airs)
- संत्यज्य (saṁtyajya) - having abandoned, having given up
- युध्यता (yudhyatā) - describing Kṛpa's action (by the fighting one, by one who was fighting)
Words meanings and morphology
यत्किंचित् (yatkiṁcit) - whatever, whatsoever
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yatkiṃcit
yatkiṁcit - whatever, whatsoever, something
Compound of yat (which) and kiṃcit (something)
Compound type : avyayibhāva (yat+kiṃcit)
- yat – which, what
pronoun (neuter) - kiṃcit – something, anything, a little
indeclinable
Note: Refers to vācyam.
सुहृदा (suhṛdā) - by a friend, by a well-wisher
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of suhṛd
suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, good-hearted (suhṛd)
Compound of su (good) + hṛd (heart)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable - hṛd – heart, mind, breast
noun (neuter)
Note: Agent of vācyam.
वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be said, ought to be spoken, suitable to be said
(gerundive)
Note: Predicate adjective for yatkiṃcit.
तत् (tat) - refers to 'whatever is to be said' (that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the content of the yatkiṃcit clause.
सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole, everything
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Adjective modifying tat.
श्रावितः (śrāvitaḥ) - I have been informed (made to hear, informed)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, singular of śrāvita
śru - to hear
causative past passive participle
Causative stem śrāvi + suffix kta
Root: śru (class 5)
Note: Qualifies aham.
हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, certainly, for)
(indeclinable)
Particle
अहम् (aham) - Duryodhana (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of asmad
asmad - I, we
First person pronoun
Note: Subject of the implied verb (e.g., asmi).
कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, accomplished
(participle)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta
kṛ - to do, to make, to perform
past passive participle
Root kṛ + suffix kta
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Qualifies sarvam.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Conjunction
भवता (bhavatā) - by Kṛpa (by you)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat
bhavat - your honor, you (polite address)
present active participle
Formed from bhū + śatṛ suffix, used as honorific second-person pronoun
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Agent in the passive construction 'sarvaṃ kṛtam'.
सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Subject of kṛtam.
प्राणान् (prāṇān) - life itself, vital force (prāṇa) (lives, breaths, vital airs)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa
prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, life force (prāṇa)
Derived from pra-an (to breathe forth)
Prefix: pra
Root: an (class 2)
संत्यज्य (saṁtyajya) - having abandoned, having given up
(indeclinable)
absolutive (lyap)
Formed with prefix sam + root tyaj + suffix ya
Prefix: sam
Root: tyaj (class 1)
युध्यता (yudhyatā) - describing Kṛpa's action (by the fighting one, by one who was fighting)
(participle)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of yudhyat
yudh - to fight, to wage war
present active participle
Root yudh + suffix śatṛ
Root: yudh (class 4)
Note: Adjectival use, modifying bhavatā.