महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-4, verse-49

आकाशे विद्रुमे पुण्ये प्रस्थे हिमवतः शुभे ।
अरुणां सरस्वतीं प्राप्य पपुः सस्नुश्च तज्जलम् ॥४९॥

49. ākāśe vidrume puṇye prasthe himavataḥ śubhe ,
aruṇāṁ sarasvatīṁ prāpya papuḥ sasnuśca tajjalam.

49. ākāśe vidrume puṇye prasthe himavataḥ śubhe aruṇām
sarasvatīm prāpya papuḥ sasnuḥ ca tat jalam

49. himavataḥ śubhe puṇye ākāśe vidrume prasthe aruṇām
sarasvatīm prāpya papuḥ sasnuḥ ca tat jalam

49. They reached the reddish (Aruṇā) Sarasvati river on a holy and auspicious plateau of the Himalaya, an open, treeless expanse. There, they drank its water and bathed.

Words meanings summery:

• आकाशे (ākāśe) - In this context, likely 'in the open expanse' or 'on the heights,' describing a part of the plateau. (in the sky, in open space)

• विद्रुमे (vidrume) - Given the context of a mountain plateau, it could refer to a type of tree with red flowers (coral tree) or, as per a common emendation (vītadrume), it would mean 'in a treeless place.' (on a coral, in a coral tree, in a kind of tree)

• पुण्ये (puṇye) - holy, sacred, virtuous

• प्रस्थे (prasthe) - Refers to a flat expanse on the Himalayan mountain. (on the plateau, on the level ground, on the tableland)

• हिमवतः (himavataḥ) - of the Himalaya (mountain)

• शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious, beautiful, pure

• अरुणाम् (aruṇām) - Describes the color of the Sarasvati river. (reddish, dawn-colored, tawny)

• सरस्वतीम् (sarasvatīm) - The sacred Sarasvati river, possibly one of its upper streams or a tributary called Aruṇā. (the Sarasvati river)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having obtained

• पपुः (papuḥ) - they drank

• सस्नुः (sasnuḥ) - they bathed

• च (ca) - and

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the water of the Sarasvati river. (that, its)

• जलम् (jalam) - water

Words meanings and morphology

आकाशे (ākāśe) - In this context, likely 'in the open expanse' or 'on the heights,' describing a part of the plateau. (in the sky, in open space)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether, open space

Note: Some critical editions read 'vītadrume' instead of 'vidrume', which would imply 'in a treeless open space'.

विद्रुमे (vidrume) - Given the context of a mountain plateau, it could refer to a type of tree with red flowers (coral tree) or, as per a common emendation (vītadrume), it would mean 'in a treeless place.' (on a coral, in a coral tree, in a kind of tree)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vidruma

vidruma - coral, a kind of tree (Mimusops elengi, often with red flowers)

पुण्ये (puṇye) - holy, sacred, virtuous

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - holy, sacred, pure, virtuous, meritorious

Note: Qualifies 'prasthe'.

प्रस्थे (prasthe) - Refers to a flat expanse on the Himalayan mountain. (on the plateau, on the level ground, on the tableland)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prastha

prastha - plateau, level ground, tableland, summit, flat top of a mountain

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The main locative noun indicating location.

हिमवतः (himavataḥ) - of the Himalaya (mountain)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of himavat

himavat - Himavat, the Himalaya mountain range

Note: Possessive case, indicating 'of the Himalaya'.

शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious, beautiful, pure

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, beautiful, pure, propitious

Note: Qualifies 'prasthe'.

अरुणाम् (aruṇām) - Describes the color of the Sarasvati river. (reddish, dawn-colored, tawny)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aruṇā

aruṇā - reddish, dawn-colored, tawny, the river Aruṇā (a tributary of the Sarasvati)

Note: Qualifies 'sarasvatīm'.

सरस्वतीम् (sarasvatīm) - The sacred Sarasvati river, possibly one of its upper streams or a tributary called Aruṇā. (the Sarasvati river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarasvatī

sarasvatī - Sarasvati (a sacred river, goddess of knowledge)

Note: The object of 'prāpya'.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

पपुः (papuḥ) - they drank

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of pā

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of root pā

Root: pā (class 1)

सस्नुः (sasnuḥ) - they bathed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of snā

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of root snā

Root: snā (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions of drinking and bathing.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the water of the Sarasvati river. (that, its)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जलम् (jalam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Note: Object of 'papuḥ'.