महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-4, verse-11

स्वस्रीयं च हतं श्रुत्वा दुःखं स्वपिति केशवः ।
कृतागसो वयं तस्य स मदर्थं कथं क्षमेत् ॥११॥

11. svasrīyaṁ ca hataṁ śrutvā duḥkhaṁ svapiti keśavaḥ ,
kṛtāgaso vayaṁ tasya sa madarthaṁ kathaṁ kṣamet.

11. svasrīyam ca hatam śrutvā duḥkham svapiti keśavaḥ
kṛtāgasaḥ vayam tasya sa madartham katham kṣamet

11. keśavaḥ svasrīyam hatam śrutvā duḥkham svapiti
vayam tasya kṛtāgasaḥ sa madartham katham kṣamet

11. Upon hearing that his nephew has been killed, Keśava sleeps in sorrow. We have committed offenses against him. How will he forgive (kṣamet) us for my sake?

Words meanings summery:

• स्वस्रीयम् (svasrīyam) - Refers to Abhimanyu, Kṛṣṇa's nephew. (nephew, sister's son)

• च (ca) - and, also

• हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain; sorrowfully

• स्वपिति (svapiti) - he sleeps, he slumbers

• केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa)

• कृतागसः (kṛtāgasaḥ) - offenders, those who have committed a fault

• वयम् (vayam) - we (plural of 'I')

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Keśava. (of him, to him, for him)

• स (sa) - Refers to Keśava. (he, that)

• मदर्थम् (madartham) - for my sake, for my purpose

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• क्षमेत् (kṣamet) - may he forgive, he should forgive, he is able to forgive

Words meanings and morphology

स्वस्रीयम् (svasrīyam) - Refers to Abhimanyu, Kṛṣṇa's nephew. (nephew, sister's son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svasrīya

svasrīya - sister's son, nephew

Note: Object of hatam śrutvā.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हतम् (hatam) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain; sorrowfully

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, unhappiness

स्वपिति (svapiti) - he sleeps, he slumbers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of svap

Present 3rd singular

Root svap, class 2, Parasamaipada, Lakāra laṭ (Present), 3rd person singular.

Root: svap (class 2)

केशवः (keśavaḥ) - Keśava (an epithet of Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of keśava

keśava - Keśava (name of Kṛṣṇa or Viṣṇu, meaning 'having long hair' or 'slayer of the demon Keśī')

Note: Subject of svapiti.

कृतागसः (kṛtāgasaḥ) - offenders, those who have committed a fault

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtāgas

kṛtāgas - one who has committed an offense/fault

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+āgas)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• āgas – fault, offense, crime
  noun (neuter)

वयम् (vayam) - we (plural of 'I')

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Subject of implied 'are'.

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Keśava. (of him, to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Genitive indicating relationship ('offenders to him').

स (sa) - Refers to Keśava. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of kṣamet.

मदर्थम् (madartham) - for my sake, for my purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound formed from mad (genitive of asmad = my) + artha (purpose, sake).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mad+artha)

• mad – my, of me
  pronoun
  Genitive singular of asmad (I).
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

क्षमेत् (kṣamet) - may he forgive, he should forgive, he is able to forgive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of kṣam

Optative 3rd singular

Root kṣam, class 1, Lakāra vidhi liṅ (Optative), 3rd person singular.

Root: kṣam (class 1)