महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-4, verse-30

गृहे यत्क्षत्रियस्यापि निधनं तद्विगर्हितम् ।
अधर्मः सुमहानेष यच्छय्यामरणं गृहे ॥३०॥

30. gṛhe yatkṣatriyasyāpi nidhanaṁ tadvigarhitam ,
adharmaḥ sumahāneṣa yacchayyāmaraṇaṁ gṛhe.

30. gṛhe yat kṣatriyasya api nidhanam tat vigarhitam
adharmaḥ sumahān eṣaḥ yat śayyāmaraṇam gṛhe

30. yat kṣatriyasya api gṛhe nidhanam tat vigarhitam
eṣaḥ yat gṛhe śayyāmaraṇam sumahān adharmaḥ

30. Indeed, a kshatriya's death in the home is reprehensible. This dying on a bed in the house is a very great violation of natural law (adharma).

Words meanings summery:

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

• यत् (yat) - that which, which, because

• क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kshatriya, of a warrior

• अपि (api) - even, also, indeed

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, end

• तत् (tat) - that

• विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - condemned, reprehensible, blameworthy

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - a violation of natural law (unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, injustice)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, exceedingly large

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• यत् (yat) - that, which, because

• शय्यामरणम् (śayyāmaraṇam) - death on a bed

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

Words meanings and morphology

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

यत् (yat) - that which, which, because

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Can also be an indeclinable conjunction 'that', 'because'.

क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kshatriya, of a warrior

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - kshatriya (member of the warrior class), warrior, ruler

अपि (api) - even, also, indeed

(indeclinable)

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction, end

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, dying, destruction, end

From ni-dhā 'to place down, to end'

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - condemned, reprehensible, blameworthy

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vigarhita

vigarhita - blamed, censured, condemned, reprehensible

Past Passive Participle

From root garh with prefix vi, suffix kta

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - a violation of natural law (unrighteousness, unconstitutionality, injustice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, absence of dharma

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of dharma

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue, natural law, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, exceedingly large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, excellent, magnificent

Compound of su + mahat

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, vast, noble
  adjective (masculine)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

यत् (yat) - that, which, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction 'that'.

शय्यामरणम् (śayyāmaraṇam) - death on a bed

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śayyāmaraṇa

śayyāmaraṇa - dying in bed

Compound of śayyā (bed) and maraṇa (death)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śayyā+maraṇa)

• śayyā – bed, couch, repose
  noun (feminine)
  From root śī 'to lie down'
  Root: śī (class 2)
• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root mṛ 'to die', with suffix -ana
  Root: mṛ (class 1)

गृहे (gṛhe) - in the house, at home

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling