महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-37, verse-31

तद्रेतः स तु जग्राह कलशे वै महातपाः ।
सप्तधा प्रविभागं तु कलशस्थं जगाम ह ।
तत्रर्षयः सप्त जाता जज्ञिरे मरुतां गणाः ॥३१॥

31. tadretaḥ sa tu jagrāha kalaśe vai mahātapāḥ ,
saptadhā pravibhāgaṁ tu kalaśasthaṁ jagāma ha ,
tatrarṣayaḥ sapta jātā jajñire marutāṁ gaṇāḥ.

31. tat retaḥ saḥ tu jagrāha kalaśe vai
mahātapāḥ saptadhā pravibhāgam tu
kalaśastham jagāma ha tatra ṛṣayaḥ
sapta jātāḥ jajñire marutām gaṇāḥ

31. vai tu mahātapāḥ saḥ tat retaḥ kalaśe
jagrāha tu ha kalaśastham saptadhā
pravibhāgam jagāma tatra sapta
ṛṣayaḥ jātāḥ marutām gaṇāḥ jajñire

31. Indeed, that great ascetic (mahātapas) collected that semen (retas) in a pot. Verily, that substance situated in the pot underwent a sevenfold division. From it, seven sages (ṛṣi) were born there, who became the hosts of the Maruts.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the semen. (that, it)

• रेतः (retaḥ) - semen, seed, fluid

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the great ascetic, Maṅkaṇaka. (he)

• तु (tu) - Emphatic, or indicating a slight transition. (but, and, indeed, however)

• जग्राह (jagrāha) - The ascetic collected the semen. (he took, seized, collected)

• कलशे (kalaśe) - The pot where the semen was collected. (in a pot, in a jar)

• वै (vai) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, verily, certainly)

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - Refers to Maṅkaṇaka, who performed great austerities. (great ascetic (mahātapas))

• सप्तधा (saptadhā) - The division occurred in seven parts. (in seven ways, sevenfold)

• प्रविभागम् (pravibhāgam) - The act of semen being divided. (division, distribution)

• तु (tu) - Emphatic. (but, and, indeed, however)

• कलशस्थम् (kalaśastham) - Refers to the semen which was in the pot. (situated in the pot)

• जगाम (jagāma) - It underwent or attained a division. (it went, attained, became)

• ह (ha) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, verily (emphatic))

• तत्र (tatra) - From that pot/divided substance. (there, from that)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - The seven sages born from the semen. (sages, seers)

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - Used as an adjective describing the sages. (born, produced, become)

• जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - The sages were born. (they were born, produced)

• मरुताम् (marutām) - The sages became the groups belonging to the Maruts. (of the Maruts)

• गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - The sages became the groups or hosts of the Maruts. (hosts, groups, attendants)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - Refers to the semen. (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Agrees with `retaḥ`.

रेतः (retaḥ) - semen, seed, fluid

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of retas

retas - semen, seed, germ, fluid, essence

Note: Object of `jagrāha`.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the great ascetic, Maṅkaṇaka. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Subject of `jagrāha`.

तु (tu) - Emphatic, or indicating a slight transition. (but, and, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

जग्राह (jagrāha) - The ascetic collected the semen. (he took, seized, collected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of grah

Perfect Tense, Active Voice (Parasmaipada)

Third person singular perfect of the root √grah (to seize, take), class 9.

Root: grah (class 9)

कलशे (kalaśe) - The pot where the semen was collected. (in a pot, in a jar)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kalaśa

kalaśa - a water-pot, jar, pitcher, vessel

Note: Indicates location.

वै (vai) - Emphatic particle. (indeed, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis.

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - Refers to Maṅkaṇaka, who performed great austerities. (great ascetic (mahātapas))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - one of great austerity or penance (tapas); a great ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ` (the implied subject).

सप्तधा (saptadhā) - The division occurred in seven parts. (in seven ways, sevenfold)

(indeclinable)

Derived from sapta (seven) with the suffix -dhā.

Note: Adverbial modifier for `pravibhāgam`.

प्रविभागम् (pravibhāgam) - The act of semen being divided. (division, distribution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pravibhāga

pravibhāga - division, separation, distribution, distinct part

Derived from the root √bhaj (to divide) with the prefix pra-vi-.

Prefixes: pra+vi

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Object of `jagāma` or an adverbial accusative, 'it attained a sevenfold division'.

तु (tu) - Emphatic. (but, and, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

कलशस्थम् (kalaśastham) - Refers to the semen which was in the pot. (situated in the pot)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kalaśastha

kalaśastha - situated in a pot, being in a jar

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kalaśa+stha)

• kalaśa – a water-pot, jar
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of `jagāma` (the semen/substance in the pot).

जगाम (jagāma) - It underwent or attained a division. (it went, attained, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Tense, Active Voice (Parasmaipada)

Third person singular perfect of the root √gam (to go), class 1.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'to attain' or 'to become'.

ह (ha) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, verily (emphatic))

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - From that pot/divided substance. (there, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates origin from the divided semen.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - The seven sages born from the semen. (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - a sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic sage

Note: Subject of `jajñire`.

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sapta

sapta - seven

Note: Agrees with `ṛṣayaḥ`.

जाताः (jātāḥ) - Used as an adjective describing the sages. (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √jan (to be born, produce).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `ṛṣayaḥ`.

जज्ञिरे (jajñire) - The sages were born. (they were born, produced)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (liṭ) of jan

Perfect Tense, Middle Voice (Ātmanepada)

Third person plural perfect of the root √jan (to be born), class 4.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Main verb for the birth of the sages.

मरुताम् (marutām) - The sages became the groups belonging to the Maruts. (of the Maruts)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of marut

marut - wind-gods, storm-gods (Maruts); wind

Note: Possessive, 'of the Maruts'.

गणाः (gaṇāḥ) - The sages became the groups or hosts of the Maruts. (hosts, groups, attendants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - a flock, troop, collection, group, host, multitude, attendant

Note: Predicate nominative, indicating what the sages became.