महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-37, verse-20

विशालां तु गयेष्वाहुरृषयः संशितव्रताः ।
सरित्सा हिमवत्पार्श्वात्प्रसूता शीघ्रगामिनी ॥२०॥

20. viśālāṁ tu gayeṣvāhurṛṣayaḥ saṁśitavratāḥ ,
saritsā himavatpārśvātprasūtā śīghragāminī.

20. viśālām tu gayeṣu āhuḥ ṛṣayaḥ saṃśitavratāḥ
sarit sā himavatpārśvāt prasūtā śīghragāminī

20. saṃśitavratāḥ ṛṣayaḥ tu gayeṣu viśālām
śīghragāminī sarit sā himavatpārśvāt prasūtā āhuḥ

20. The sages (ṛṣayaḥ) of firm vows (saṃśitavratāḥ) indeed say that Viśālā, the swiftly flowing river, originated from the side of the Himalayas in Gaya.

Words meanings summery:

• विशालाम् (viśālām) - the river Viśālā (vast, wide, extensive; a proper noun (name of a river))

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the statement (but, indeed, yet, moreover)

• गयेषु (gayeṣu) - in the holy city of Gaya (in Gaya (a holy city))

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they (the sages) say (they say, they speak)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the ancient wise sages (sages, seers)

• संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - sages whose vows (vrata) are firm and resolute (of sharpened vows, of firm vows, whose resolutions are firm)

• सरित् (sarit) - the river (Viśālā) (river, stream)

• सा (sā) - that (river) (she, that (feminine))

• हिमवत्पार्श्वात् (himavatpārśvāt) - from the slopes/region of the Himalayas (from the side of the Himalayas)

• प्रसूता (prasūtā) - originated, sprung forth (born, produced, originated)

• शीघ्रगामिनी (śīghragāminī) - characterizing the rapid flow of the river (swiftly flowing, moving quickly)

Words meanings and morphology

विशालाम् (viśālām) - the river Viśālā (vast, wide, extensive; a proper noun (name of a river))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viśālā

viśālā - vast, wide, extensive, large; name of a river

Note: Refers to the river Viśālā.

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the statement (but, indeed, yet, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle used for emphasis or contrast.

गयेषु (gayeṣu) - in the holy city of Gaya (in Gaya (a holy city))

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of gayā

gayā - Gaya (a holy city in Bihar, India)

Note: Refers to the city of Gaya.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they (the sages) say (they say, they speak)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

root 'vac' (to speak), perfect 3rd person plural

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Derived from root 'vac' (to speak).

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the ancient wise sages (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, a Vedic hymn composer

Note: Subject of the verb 'āhuḥ'.

संशितव्रताः (saṁśitavratāḥ) - sages whose vows (vrata) are firm and resolute (of sharpened vows, of firm vows, whose resolutions are firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - of sharpened vows, of firm resolution, steadfast in observance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root śi (to sharpen) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 2)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'ṛṣayaḥ'.

सरित् (sarit) - the river (Viśālā) (river, stream)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarit

sarit - river, stream, current

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Appears as 'sarit' due to sandhi in context 'saritsā', but base is 'sarit'.

सा (sā) - that (river) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to the river Viśālā.

हिमवत्पार्श्वात् (himavatpārśvāt) - from the slopes/region of the Himalayas (from the side of the Himalayas)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of himavatpārśva

himavatpārśva - side of the Himalayas, Himalayan slopes

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (himavat+pārśva)

• himavat – Himalayas; snow-laden
  proper noun (masculine)
• pārśva – side, flank, vicinity
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates the source of the river.

प्रसूता (prasūtā) - originated, sprung forth (born, produced, originated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prasūta

prasūta - born, produced, sprung, originated

Past Passive Participle

from root sū (to give birth, produce) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: sū (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'sarit sā' (the river).

शीघ्रगामिनी (śīghragāminī) - characterizing the rapid flow of the river (swiftly flowing, moving quickly)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śīghragāmin

śīghragāmin - swiftly flowing, quick-moving, rapidly proceeding

Agent Noun/Adjective

from śīghra (swift) + gāmin (going, moving), derived from root gam

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śīghra+gāmin)

• śīghra – swift, quick, rapid
  adjective (neuter)
• gāmin – going, moving, proceeding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'sarit sā' (the river).