महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-70, verse-33

वध्यमानेषु सैन्येषु द्रोणपार्षतसायकैः ।
त्यक्त्वा प्राणान्परं शक्त्या प्रायुध्यन्त स्म सैनिकाः ॥३३॥

33. vadhyamāneṣu sainyeṣu droṇapārṣatasāyakaiḥ ,
tyaktvā prāṇānparaṁ śaktyā prāyudhyanta sma sainikāḥ.

33. vadhyamāneṣu sainyeṣu droṇapārṣatasāyakaiḥ tyaktvā
prāṇān param śaktyā prāyudhyanta sma sainikāḥ

33. sainyeṣu droṇapārṣatasāyakaiḥ vadhyamāneṣu,
sainikāḥ prāṇān tyaktvā param śaktyā prāyudhyanta sma

33. While the armies were being slaughtered by the arrows of Droṇa and Dhrishtadyumna, the soldiers, having abandoned their lives, fought with supreme strength (śakti).

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यमानेषु (vadhyamāneṣu) - while being killed, being slaughtered

• सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - in the armies, among the troops

• द्रोणपार्षतसायकैः (droṇapārṣatasāyakaiḥ) - by Drona's and Dhrishtadyumna's arrows

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

• परम् (param) - extremely, supremely (supreme, ultimate, excellent, greatly)

• शक्त्या (śaktyā) - with supreme strength (śakti) (by strength, with power, by means of energy (śakti))

• प्रायुध्यन्त (prāyudhyanta) - they fought

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense, indeed

• सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यमानेषु (vadhyamāneṣu) - while being killed, being slaughtered

(adjective)

Locative, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain, being slaughtered

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vadh' (to kill) with present passive participle suffix '-māna'.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'sainyeṣu'.

सैन्येषु (sainyeṣu) - in the armies, among the troops

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'vadhyamāneṣu'.

द्रोणपार्षतसायकैः (droṇapārṣatasāyakaiḥ) - by Drona's and Dhrishtadyumna's arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of droṇapārṣatasāyaka

droṇapārṣatasāyaka - arrows of Droṇa and Dhrishtadyumna

Compound type : dvandva (droṇa+pārṣata+sāyaka)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pārṣata – son of Pṛṣata (Dhrishtadyumna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sāyaka – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'si' (to bind) with '-aka' suffix, meaning 'that which is shot'.
  Root: si (class 4)

Note: Agent of the killing.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with suffix '-ktvā'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sainikāḥ'.

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, spirit

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

परम् (param) - extremely, supremely (supreme, ultimate, excellent, greatly)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, next

Note: Adverbial modifier for 'śaktyā' or 'prāyudhyanta'.

शक्त्या (śaktyā) - with supreme strength (śakti) (by strength, with power, by means of energy (śakti))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, energy, capability, divine power (śakti)

Note: Instrument of fighting. Sanskrit term (śakti) included in translation.

प्रायुध्यन्त (prāyudhyanta) - they fought

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Imperfect

3rd person plural imperfect middle/ātmanepada of root 'yudh' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Verb for 'sainikāḥ'.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense, indeed

(indeclinable)

सैनिकाः (sainikāḥ) - soldiers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, warrior

Derived from 'senā' (army) with '-ika' suffix.

Note: Subject of 'prāyudhyanta'.