महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-70, verse-22

सैन्यान्यघटयद्यानि द्रोणस्तु रथिनां वरः ।
व्यधमच्चापि तान्यस्य धृष्टद्युम्नो महारथः ॥२२॥

22. sainyānyaghaṭayadyāni droṇastu rathināṁ varaḥ ,
vyadhamaccāpi tānyasya dhṛṣṭadyumno mahārathaḥ.

22. sainyāni aghaṭayat yāni droṇaḥ tu rathinām varaḥ
vyadhamat ca api tāni asya dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ mahārathaḥ

22. tu rathinām varaḥ droṇaḥ yāni sainyāni aghaṭayat,
(tāni) ca api asya mahārathaḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ tāni vyadhamat.

22. Whatever formations of troops Droṇa, who was the foremost among charioteers, arranged, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the great charioteer, also swiftly dispersed those very formations of his.

Words meanings summery:

• सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - formations of troops (armies, hosts, military forces)

• अघटयत् (aghaṭayat) - he formed, he arranged, he brought together

• यानि (yāni) - which, whatever (neuter plural)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - the foremost (best, excellent, choicest)

• व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - he dispersed, he scattered, he broke

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• तानि (tāni) - those formations (those (neuter plural))

• अस्य (asya) - of Droṇa (his, of him)

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, warrior of a great chariot

Words meanings and morphology

सैन्यानि (sainyāni) - formations of troops (armies, hosts, military forces)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sainya

sainya - army, military force, host

Derived from senā (army).

Note: Object of 'aghaṭayat'.

अघटयत् (aghaṭayat) - he formed, he arranged, he brought together

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ghaṭ

Imperfect active causative 3rd singular

From root ghaṭ (class 10, or causative of class 1) meaning 'to cause to happen, to arrange, to form'.

Root: ghaṭ (class 1)

यानि (yāni) - which, whatever (neuter plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, whatever, that

Note: Refers to 'sainyāni'.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name); a measure of capacity; a bucket

Note: Subject of 'aghaṭayat'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

वरः (varaḥ) - the foremost (best, excellent, choicest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; a boon; a suitor

Note: Qualifies Droṇa.

व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - he dispersed, he scattered, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dham

Imperfect active 3rd singular

From root dham (class 1) with prefix vi. vi-dham means 'to blow away, disperse, destroy'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dham (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the action being done *even* to Drona's formations.

तानि (tāni) - those formations (those (neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those, it, them

Note: Refers back to the 'sainyāni' formed by Drona.

अस्य (asya) - of Droṇa (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a proper name, son of Drupada)

Note: Subject of 'vyadhamat'.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, warrior of a great chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot, a commander of many chariots

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Dhṛṣṭadyumna.