महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-162, verse-38

स्पर्धिनस्ते महेष्वासाः कृतयत्ना धनुर्धराः ।
अभ्यगच्छंस्तथान्योन्यं मत्ता गजवृषा इव ॥३८॥

38. spardhinaste maheṣvāsāḥ kṛtayatnā dhanurdharāḥ ,
abhyagacchaṁstathānyonyaṁ mattā gajavṛṣā iva.

38. spardhinaḥ te maheṣvāsāḥ kṛtayatnāḥ dhanurdharāḥ
abhyagacchan tathā anyonyam mattāḥ gajavṛṣāḥ iva

38. te spardhinaḥ maheṣvāsāḥ kṛtayatnāḥ dhanurdharāḥ
mattāḥ gajavṛṣāḥ iva tathā anyonyam abhyagacchan

38. Those rival archers, skilled with mighty bows and well-prepared, advanced towards each other like enraged bull elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• स्पर्धिनः (spardhinaḥ) - rivals (archers) (rivals, competitors, emulators)

• ते (te) - those (archers) (those, they)

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - skilled with mighty bows (archers) (great archers, those with mighty bows)

• कृतयत्नाः (kṛtayatnāḥ) - well-prepared (archers) (those who have made effort, diligent, well-prepared)

• धनुर्धराः (dhanurdharāḥ) - archers (bow-wielders, archers)

• अभ्यगच्छन् (abhyagacchan) - advanced towards (they went towards, they approached, they attacked)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (implied by comparison) (thus, so, similarly)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (each other, mutually)

• मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - enraged (intoxicated, furious, excited, enraged)

• गजवृषाः (gajavṛṣāḥ) - bull elephants (bull elephants, best of elephants)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

Words meanings and morphology

स्पर्धिनः (spardhinaḥ) - rivals (archers) (rivals, competitors, emulators)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of spardhin

spardhin - rival, competitor, emulous

Derived from root spardh (to compete) with suffix -in

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dhanurdharāḥ'

ते (te) - those (archers) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the archers

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - skilled with mighty bows (archers) (great archers, those with mighty bows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - one having a great bow, great archer

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (neuter)
• iṣvāsa – bow, arrow-thrower
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'dhanurdharāḥ'

कृतयत्नाः (kṛtayatnāḥ) - well-prepared (archers) (those who have made effort, diligent, well-prepared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtayatna

kṛtayatna - one who has made effort, diligent, strenuous, well-prepared

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṛta+yatna)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• yatna – effort, exertion, endeavor
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'dhanurdharāḥ'

धनुर्धराः (dhanurdharāḥ) - archers (bow-wielders, archers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhanurdhara

dhanurdhara - bow-wielder, archer

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhanus+dhara)

• dhanus – bow, arc
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – holder, bearer, carrying
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Main subject of 'abhyagacchan'

अभ्यगच्छन् (abhyagacchan) - advanced towards (they went towards, they approached, they attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyagacchan

Imperfect 3rd plural active, root gam (gaccha), with upasargas abhi and ā (implied by sandhi)

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (implied by comparison) (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other (each other, mutually)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonyam

anyonya - each other, mutual, reciprocal

Note: Used adverbially to indicate reciprocal action

मत्ताः (mattāḥ) - enraged (intoxicated, furious, excited, enraged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matta

matta - intoxicated, drunk, mad, furious, excited

Past Passive Participle

From root mad (to be intoxicated, delighted, furious)

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'gajavṛṣāḥ'

गजवृषाः (gajavṛṣāḥ) - bull elephants (bull elephants, best of elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajavṛṣa

gajavṛṣa - bull elephant, excellent elephant, male elephant

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+vṛṣa)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣa – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in simile with 'iva'

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)