महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-162, verse-37

ते रथान्सूर्यसंकाशानास्थिताः पुरुषर्षभाः ।
अशोभन्त यथा मेघाः शारदाः समुपस्थिताः ॥३७॥

37. te rathānsūryasaṁkāśānāsthitāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ ,
aśobhanta yathā meghāḥ śāradāḥ samupasthitāḥ.

37. te rathān sūryasaṅkāśān āsthitāḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ
aśobhanta yathā meghāḥ śāradāḥ samupasthitāḥ

37. sūryasaṅkāśān rathān āsthitāḥ te puruṣarṣabhāḥ
samupasthitāḥ śāradāḥ meghāḥ yathā aśobhanta

37. Those foremost among men (puruṣa), mounted on chariots as brilliant as the sun, appeared splendid, just like autumnal clouds that have gathered.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (warriors) (those, they)

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• सूर्यसङ्काशान् (sūryasaṅkāśān) - brilliant as the sun (sun-like, resembling the sun, brilliant as the sun)

• आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - mounted (on chariots) (mounted, placed, standing upon, established)

• पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - foremost among men (best among men, foremost men, excellent men)

• अशोभन्त (aśobhanta) - appeared splendid (they shone, they looked splendid, they were beautiful)

• यथा (yathā) - just like (just as, as, like)

• मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

• शारदाः (śāradāḥ) - autumnal (autumnal, relating to autumn, produced in autumn)

• समुपस्थिताः (samupasthitāḥ) - that have gathered (gathered, present, standing near, approached)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (warriors) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the warriors mentioned previously

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Object of 'āsthitāḥ' (used in compound sense 'mounted upon')

सूर्यसङ्काशान् (sūryasaṅkāśān) - brilliant as the sun (sun-like, resembling the sun, brilliant as the sun)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sūryasaṅkāśa

sūryasaṅkāśa - sun-like, resembling the sun, brilliant as the sun

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūrya+saṅkāśa)

• sūrya – sun, the sun-god
  noun (masculine)
• saṅkāśa – resembling, like, similar, appearance, aspect
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rathān'

आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - mounted (on chariots) (mounted, placed, standing upon, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āsthita

āsthita - mounted, standing upon, placed, established, occupied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'puruṣarṣabhāḥ'

पुरुषर्षभाः (puruṣarṣabhāḥ) - foremost among men (best among men, foremost men, excellent men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best among men, eminent man, bull of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being, the cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent, chief, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'aśobhanta'

अशोभन्त (aśobhanta) - appeared splendid (they shone, they looked splendid, they were beautiful)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of śubh

Imperfect 3rd plural middle voice (ātmanepada), root śubh

Root: śubh (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just like (just as, as, like)

(indeclinable)

मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud

Note: Subject of implied verb 'shone' in simile

शारदाः (śāradāḥ) - autumnal (autumnal, relating to autumn, produced in autumn)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śārada

śārada - autumnal, relating to autumn, produced or existing in autumn

Note: Agrees with 'meghāḥ'

समुपस्थिताः (samupasthitāḥ) - that have gathered (gathered, present, standing near, approached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samupasthita

samupasthita - gathered, present, standing near, approached, ready

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with upasargas sam and upa

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'meghāḥ'