महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-162, verse-19

मज्जत्सु चक्रेषु रथान्सत्त्वमास्थाय वाजिनः ।
कथंचिदवहञ्श्रान्ता वेपमानाः शरार्दिताः ।
कुलसत्त्वबलोपेता वाजिनो वारणोपमाः ॥१९॥

19. majjatsu cakreṣu rathānsattvamāsthāya vājinaḥ ,
kathaṁcidavahañśrāntā vepamānāḥ śarārditāḥ ,
kulasattvabalopetā vājino vāraṇopamāḥ.

19. majjatsu cakreṣu rathān sattvam
āsthāya vājinaḥ kathaṃcit avahan śrāntāḥ
vepamānāḥ śara-arditāḥ
kula-sattva-bala-upetāḥ vājinaḥ vāraṇa-upamāḥ

19. vājinaḥ śrāntāḥ vepamānāḥ
śara-arditāḥ majjatsu cakreṣu rathān
kathaṃcit avahan kula-sattva-bala-upetāḥ
vāraṇa-upamāḥ vājinaḥ

19. The horses, exhausted, trembling, and afflicted by arrows, somehow managed to pull the chariots even as their wheels sank. Relying on their intrinsic nature (sattva), these horses, endowed with noble lineage, courage, and strength, were like mighty elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• मज्जत्सु (majjatsu) - sinking, being submerged

• चक्रेषु (cakreṣu) - in/on the wheels

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - courage, strength, intrinsic nature, essence

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having relied upon, having taken recourse to, having adopted

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses, swift ones

• कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow, with difficulty, by any means

• अवहन् (avahan) - carried, pulled, bore

• श्रान्ताः (śrāntāḥ) - exhausted, weary

• वेपमानाः (vepamānāḥ) - trembling, quivering

• शर-अर्दिताः (śara-arditāḥ) - afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows

• कुल-सत्त्व-बल-उपेताः (kula-sattva-bala-upetāḥ) - endowed with noble lineage, courage, and strength

• वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses, swift ones

• वारण-उपमाः (vāraṇa-upamāḥ) - resembling elephants, comparable to elephants

Words meanings and morphology

मज्जत्सु (majjatsu) - sinking, being submerged

(participle)

Locative, neuter, plural of majjat

majjat - sinking, submerging, diving

Present Active Participle

From root majj (to sink), 6th class, Parasmaipada, with -at suffix.

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with cakreṣu.

चक्रेषु (cakreṣu) - in/on the wheels

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of cakra

cakra - wheel, disc, circle, discus

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Object of avahan.

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - courage, strength, intrinsic nature, essence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - essence, existence, being, courage, strength, good quality, intrinsic nature

From root as (to be) + tva suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of āsthāya.

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having relied upon, having taken recourse to, having adopted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā, followed by lyap suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses, swift ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, powerful, spirited

From vāja (strength, speed) + in suffix.

Note: Subject of avahan.

कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow, with difficulty, by any means

(indeclinable)

अवहन् (avahan) - carried, pulled, bore

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vah

Imperfect Active

3rd person plural, imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, from root vah (to carry), 1st class.

Root: vah (class 1)

श्रान्ताः (śrāntāḥ) - exhausted, weary

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śrānta

śrānta - exhausted, weary, rested, tranquil

Past Passive Participle

From root śram (to be weary) + kta suffix.

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vājinaḥ.

वेपमानाः (vepamānāḥ) - trembling, quivering

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vepamāna

vepamāna - trembling, quivering, shaking

Present Middle Participle

From root vep (to tremble) + śānac suffix.

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vājinaḥ.

शर-अर्दिताः (śara-arditāḥ) - afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śara-ardita

śara-ardita - afflicted by arrows, wounded by arrows

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ardita)

• śara – arrow, reed, shaft
  noun (masculine)
• ardita – afflicted, pained, hurt, distressed
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ard (to pain, hurt) + kta suffix.
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vājinaḥ.

कुल-सत्त्व-बल-उपेताः (kula-sattva-bala-upetāḥ) - endowed with noble lineage, courage, and strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kula-sattva-bala-upeta

kula-sattva-bala-upeta - endowed with family/lineage, courage, and strength

Bahuvrihi compound, where 'upeta' (endowed) refers to the qualities of lineage, courage, and strength.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kula+sattva+bala+upeta)

• kula – family, lineage, clan, race
  noun (neuter)
• sattva – essence, existence, being, courage, strength, good quality, intrinsic nature
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• bala – strength, power, force, army
  noun (neuter)
• upeta – endowed with, possessed of, approached, attained
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix upa, followed by kta suffix.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vājinaḥ.

वाजिनः (vājinaḥ) - horses, swift ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, swift, powerful, spirited

From vāja (strength, speed) + in suffix.

Note: Refers to the horses, in apposition to the earlier vājinaḥ.

वारण-उपमाः (vāraṇa-upamāḥ) - resembling elephants, comparable to elephants

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāraṇa-upamā

vāraṇa-upamā - comparable to elephants, like elephants

Tatpurusha compound indicating comparison.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāraṇa+upamā)

• vāraṇa – elephant, warding off, preventing
  noun (masculine)
  From root vṛ (to cover, restrain) + ana suffix.
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• upamā – comparison, resemblance, simile
  noun (feminine)
  From root mā (to measure) with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vājinaḥ.