महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-162, verse-21

तावेवास्तां निलयनं तावार्तायनमेव च ।
तावेवान्ये समासाद्य जग्मुर्वैवस्वतक्षयम् ॥२१॥

21. tāvevāstāṁ nilayanaṁ tāvārtāyanameva ca ,
tāvevānye samāsādya jagmurvaivasvatakṣayam.

21. tau eva āstām nilayanam tau eva ārtāyanam eva ca
tau eva anye samāsādya jagmuḥ vaivasvata-kṣayam

21. tau eva nilayanam āstām ca tau eva ārtāyanam eva
(āstām) anye tau eva samāsādya vaivasvata-kṣayam jagmuḥ

21. They both indeed served as a refuge and a means of deliverance. As for others, having approached these two, they went to the abode of Yama (vaivasvata-kṣayam), meaning they met their death.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Droṇa and Arjuna (those two, they both)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• आस्ताम् (āstām) - they both were

• निलयनम् (nilayanam) - refuge, dwelling, shelter

• आर्तायनम् (ārtāyanam) - means of escape/deliverance for the distressed

• च (ca) - and

• अन्ये (anye) - others, other people

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having obtained

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

• वैवस्वत-क्षयम् (vaivasvata-kṣayam) - to death (to the abode of Yama, to destruction)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Droṇa and Arjuna (those two, they both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of āstām.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Particle for emphasis.

आस्ताम् (āstām) - they both were

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

3rd person dual, imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, from root as (to be), 2nd class.

Root: as (class 2)

निलयनम् (nilayanam) - refuge, dwelling, shelter

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nilayana

nilayana - refuge, dwelling, shelter, abode, resting place

From root lī (to cling, hide) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for tau.

आर्तायनम् (ārtāyanam) - means of escape/deliverance for the distressed

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ārtāyana

ārtāyana - protection or recourse for the distressed, means of deliverance, refuge for the suffering

Compound of ārta (distressed) + ayana (going, refuge).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ārta+ayana)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained
  participle (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, move) or ard (to pain, hurt).
  Root: ṛ/ard (class 1)
• ayana – going, course, refuge, way, path
  noun (neuter)
  From root i (to go) + ana suffix.
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for tau.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अन्ये (anye) - others, other people

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Indefinite pronoun.

Note: Subject of jagmuḥ.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root sad (to sit, approach) with prefixes sam and ā, followed by lyap suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Active

3rd person plural, perfect tense, Parasmaipada, from root gam (to go), 1st class.

Root: gam (class 1)

वैवस्वत-क्षयम् (vaivasvata-kṣayam) - to death (to the abode of Yama, to destruction)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaivasvata-kṣaya

vaivasvata-kṣaya - the abode of Yama (son of Vivasvat), destruction, end, loss

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaivasvata+kṣaya)

• vaivasvata – relating to Vivasvat, son of Vivasvat (Yama, the god of death)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from Vivasvat.
• kṣaya – abode, dwelling, destruction, end, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi (to dwell, to destroy).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Object of jagmuḥ.