महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-162, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ते तथैव महाराज दंशिता रणमूर्धनि ।
संध्यागतं सहस्रांशुमादित्यमुपतस्थिरे ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
te tathaiva mahārāja daṁśitā raṇamūrdhani ,
saṁdhyāgataṁ sahasrāṁśumādityamupatasthire.

1. saṃjaya uvāca te tathā eva mahārāja daṃśitāḥ raṇamūrdhani
sandhyāgatam sahasrāṃśum ādityam upatasthire

1. saṃjaya uvāca mahārāja te daṃśitāḥ tathā eva raṇamūrdhani
sandhyāgatam sahasrāṃśum ādityam upatasthire

1. Sañjaya said: "O great king, they, armored and positioned at the forefront of the battle, indeed stood before the sun, the thousand-rayed (āditya), as it was reaching its twilight setting."

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• ते (te) - they

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just so

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• दंशिताः (daṁśitāḥ) - armored, equipped with mail

• रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - at the head of the battle, in the forefront of the battle

• सन्ध्यागतम् (sandhyāgatam) - having approached twilight, set (describing the sun)

• सहस्रांशुम् (sahasrāṁśum) - the thousand-rayed one (the sun)

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, son of Aditi

• उपतस्थिरे (upatasthire) - they stood near, they approached, they worshipped

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just so

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

दंशिताः (daṁśitāḥ) - armored, equipped with mail

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of daṃśita

daṁśita - armored, clad in mail, equipped

Past Passive Participle

derived from the root 'daṃś' (to bite, to put on armor)

Root: daṃś (class 1)

रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - at the head of the battle, in the forefront of the battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇamūrdhan

raṇamūrdhan - forefront of battle, head of battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+mūrdhan)

• raṇa – battle, conflict, war
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, top, summit, forepart
  noun (masculine)

सन्ध्यागतम् (sandhyāgatam) - having approached twilight, set (describing the sun)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sandhyāgata

sandhyāgata - reached twilight, set (as the sun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sandhyā+gata)

• sandhyā – twilight, evening, junction of day and night
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: gam (class 1)

सहस्रांशुम् (sahasrāṁśum) - the thousand-rayed one (the sun)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahasrāṃśu

sahasrāṁśu - thousand-rayed (an epithet of the sun)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+aṃśu)

• sahasra – a thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• aṃśu – ray of light, beam
  noun (masculine)

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - the sun, son of Aditi

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - son of Aditi, a god, the sun

उपतस्थिरे (upatasthire) - they stood near, they approached, they worshipped

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of upasthā

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)