महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-159, verse-13

त्रियामा रजनी चैषा घोररूपा भयानका ।
सहस्रयामप्रतिमा बभूव प्राणहारिणी ।
वध्यतां च तथा तेषां क्षतानां च विशेषतः ॥१३॥

13. triyāmā rajanī caiṣā ghorarūpā bhayānakā ,
sahasrayāmapratimā babhūva prāṇahāriṇī ,
vadhyatāṁ ca tathā teṣāṁ kṣatānāṁ ca viśeṣataḥ.

13. triyāmā rajanī ca eṣā ghorarūpā
bhayānakā | sahasrayāmapratimā
babhūva prāṇahāriṇī | vadhyatām ca
tathā teṣām kṣatānām ca viśeṣataḥ

13. eṣā triyāmā ghorarūpā bhayānakā
rajanī ca sahasrayāmapratimā
prāṇahāriṇī babhūva tathā teṣām
kṣatānām ca viśeṣataḥ vadhyatām ca

13. This night, which lasted three watches, became terrifying in form, dreadful, and seemed to resemble a thousand watches, consuming lives. And so, among them, especially the wounded, were being killed.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रियामा (triyāmā) - the night lasting three watches (approximately 9 hours), implying it was a long night for battle (lasting three watches; three-watch long)

• रजनी (rajanī) - night

• च (ca) - and

• एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

• घोररूपा (ghorarūpā) - terrifying in form; having a dreadful appearance

• भयानका (bhayānakā) - frightening, dreadful, terrible

• सहस्रयामप्रतिमा (sahasrayāmapratimā) - implying the night felt extremely long due to the dreadful circumstances (resembling a thousand watches; appearing as a thousand watches long)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was, appeared

• प्राणहारिणी (prāṇahāriṇī) - life-destroying, taking away life

• वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - describing the ongoing killing of people, especially the wounded, during the dreadful night (let them be killed/slain; there was killing/slaughter)

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the people on the battlefield (of them)

• क्षतानाम् (kṣatānām) - of the wounded soldiers (of the wounded; of the injured)

• च (ca) - and

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

Words meanings and morphology

त्रियामा (triyāmā) - the night lasting three watches (approximately 9 hours), implying it was a long night for battle (lasting three watches; three-watch long)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of triyāmā

triyāmā - three watches long

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+yāma)

• tri – three
  numeral
• yāma – watch (of the night); period; time
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yam (class 1)

रजनी (rajanī) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

घोररूपा (ghorarūpā) - terrifying in form; having a dreadful appearance

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghorarūpā

ghorarūpā - terrifying in form, dreadful looking

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fierce
  adjective
• rūpa – form, appearance, shape
  noun (neuter)

भयानका (bhayānakā) - frightening, dreadful, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhayānakā

bhayānakā - frightening, dreadful, terrible

Root: bhī (class 3)

सहस्रयामप्रतिमा (sahasrayāmapratimā) - implying the night felt extremely long due to the dreadful circumstances (resembling a thousand watches; appearing as a thousand watches long)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sahasrayāmapratimā

sahasrayāmapratimā - resembling a thousand watches; of the measure of a thousand watches

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sahasrayāma+pratimā)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral
• yāma – watch (of the night); period; time
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yam (class 1)
• pratimā – image, likeness, resemblance, measure
  noun (feminine)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्राणहारिणी (prāṇahāriṇī) - life-destroying, taking away life

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāṇahāriṇī

prāṇahāriṇī - life-destroying, deadly, causing loss of life

Derived from prāṇa (life) and hārin (destroying, taking away)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+hāriṇī)

• prāṇa – life, vital breath, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• hāriṇī – taking away, seizing, destroying
  adjective (feminine)
  present active participle (feminine)
  From root hṛ (to take, carry) + ṇin suffix
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

वध्यताम् (vadhyatām) - describing the ongoing killing of people, especially the wounded, during the dreadful night (let them be killed/slain; there was killing/slaughter)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperative (lot) of vadh

passive imperative

3rd person plural passive imperative form

Root: vadh (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the people on the battlefield (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

क्षतानाम् (kṣatānām) - of the wounded soldiers (of the wounded; of the injured)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣata

kṣata - wounded, injured, harmed

past passive participle

From root kṣaṇ (to injure)

Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

(indeclinable)

from viśeṣa with -tas suffix

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