महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-159, verse-22

तेषामेतादृशीं चेष्टां विज्ञाय पुरुषर्षभः ।
उवाच वाक्यं बीभत्सुरुच्चैः संनादयन्दिशः ॥२२॥

22. teṣāmetādṛśīṁ ceṣṭāṁ vijñāya puruṣarṣabhaḥ ,
uvāca vākyaṁ bībhatsuruccaiḥ saṁnādayandiśaḥ.

22. teṣām etādṛśīm ceṣṭām vijñāya puruṣarṣabhaḥ
uvāca vākyam bībhatsuḥ uccaiḥ saṃnādayan diśaḥ

22. puruṣarṣabhaḥ bībhatsuḥ teṣām etādṛśīm ceṣṭām
vijñāya uccaiḥ diśaḥ saṃnādayan vākyam uvāca

22. Having observed their such condition, the best among men (puruṣarṣabha) [Arjuna], feeling disgusted, spoke loudly, making the directions resound.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - their, of them, to them

• एतादृशीम् (etādṛśīm) - such, of this kind, like this

• चेष्टाम् (ceṣṭām) - condition (of the sleeping soldiers) (action, movement, effort, behavior, condition)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having observed (their condition) (having known, having understood, having perceived, having observed)

• पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - Arjuna, the best among men (puruṣarṣabha) (best of men, excellent man)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said, he uttered

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement, sentence

• बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one who abhors') who felt disgusted by the situation. (disgusted, abhorrent, causing terror; Arjuna (an epithet))

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly, aloud, high, above

• संनादयन् (saṁnādayan) - making the directions resound (making resound, causing to sound, filling with noise)

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - their, of them, to them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

एतादृशीम् (etādṛśīm) - such, of this kind, like this

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of etādṛśa

etādṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

चेष्टाम् (ceṣṭām) - condition (of the sleeping soldiers) (action, movement, effort, behavior, condition)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ceṣṭā

ceṣṭā - action, movement, effort, gesture, behavior, condition

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having observed (their condition) (having known, having understood, having perceived, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from the root jñā (to know) with the prefix vi- and suffix -ya (or -tvā).

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

पुरुषर्षभः (puruṣarṣabhaḥ) - Arjuna, the best among men (puruṣarṣabha) (best of men, excellent man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - best of men, excellent man

A tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said, he uttered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root vac (2nd class), perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence, saying

बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one who abhors') who felt disgusted by the situation. (disgusted, abhorrent, causing terror; Arjuna (an epithet))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - disgusted, abhorrent, loathsome, causing terror; a name of Arjuna

Derived from the root bhī (to fear) with intensive prefix. One of Arjuna's names, meaning 'he who abhors (evil, war crimes)'.

Root: bhī (class 3)

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - loudly, aloud, high, above

(indeclinable)

संनादयन् (saṁnādayan) - making the directions resound (making resound, causing to sound, filling with noise)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnādayat

saṁnādayat - making resound, causing to sound, filling with noise

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from the causative of the root nad (to sound) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: nad (class 1)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters of the sky

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region