महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-159, verse-20

संमर्द्यान्ये रणे केचिन्निद्रान्धाश्च परस्परम् ।
जघ्नुः शूरा रणे राजंस्तस्मिंस्तमसि दारुणे ॥२०॥

20. saṁmardyānye raṇe kecinnidrāndhāśca parasparam ,
jaghnuḥ śūrā raṇe rājaṁstasmiṁstamasi dāruṇe.

20. saṃmardya anye raṇe kecit nidrāndhāḥ ca parasparam
jaghnuḥ śūrāḥ raṇe rājan tasmin tamasi dāruṇe

20. rājan tasmin dāruṇe tamasi raṇe kecit nidrāndhāḥ
śūrāḥ anye saṃmardya ca parasparam jaghnuḥ

20. O King, in that terrible darkness and battle, some sleep-blinded, brave warriors, crushing others, struck each other.

Words meanings summery:

• संमर्द्य (saṁmardya) - having crushed, having trampled, having oppressed

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

• निद्रान्धाः (nidrāndhāḥ) - blinded by sleep, sleep-blinded

• च (ca) - and, also

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

• जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes, warriors

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• राजन् (rājan) - O king!

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• तमसि (tamasi) - in darkness

• दारुणे (dāruṇe) - terrible, dreadful, cruel

Words meanings and morphology

संमर्द्य (saṁmardya) - having crushed, having trampled, having oppressed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix `ya` after prefix `saṃ` from root `mṛd`.

Prefix: saṃ

Root: mṛd (class 9)

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Object of `saṃmardya`.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

From root `raṇ` (to sound, shout, fight).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, some, a certain (person)

Indefinite pronoun from `ka` + `cid`.

Note: Subject.

निद्रान्धाः (nidrāndhāḥ) - blinded by sleep, sleep-blinded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nidrāndha

nidrāndha - blinded by sleep

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nidrā+andha)

• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: drā (class 2)
• andha – blind
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: andh

Note: Agrees with `kecit` and `śūrāḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses or actions.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, reciprocal, each other

Note: Object of `jaghnuḥ`.

जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect Active Voice

Reduplicated perfect form of root `han`.

Root: han (class 2)

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave ones, heroes, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, valiant, heroic, a hero, a warrior

Root: śū

Note: Subject, agreeing with `kecit` and `nidrāndhāḥ`.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

From root `raṇ` (to sound, shout, fight).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

राजन् (rājan) - O king!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the listener (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `tamasi`.

तमसि (tamasi) - in darkness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

From root `tam` (to be dark).

Root: tam (class 4)

दारुणे (dāruṇe) - terrible, dreadful, cruel

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, cruel, harsh, violent

From root `dṝ` (to burst, tear) or `dāru` (wood, hard).

Root: dṝ (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `tamasi`.