महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-146, verse-9

तेषां तु युयुधानेन युध्यतां युधि भारत ।
बभूव तुमुलः शब्दः प्रेतानामिव क्रन्दताम् ॥९॥

9. teṣāṁ tu yuyudhānena yudhyatāṁ yudhi bhārata ,
babhūva tumulaḥ śabdaḥ pretānāmiva krandatām.

9. teṣām tu yuyudhānena yudhyatām yudhi bhārata
babhūva tumulaḥ śabdaḥ pretānām iva krandatām

9. bhārata tu yudhi yudhyatām teṣām yuyudhānena
tumulaḥ śabdaḥ pretānām krandatām iva babhūva

9. But O descendant of Bharata, in that battle, a tumultuous sound arose from them (the Kaurava warriors) as they fought Yuyudhāna, like the wailing of tormented spirits or ghosts.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the Kaurava warriors (of them, their)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• युयुधानेन (yuyudhānena) - by Yuyudhāna

• युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - of those (Kaurava warriors) fighting against Yuyudhāna (of those fighting, of them fighting)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

• बभूव (babhūva) - it became, it was, arose

• तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous, violent, confused

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, noise

• प्रेतानाम् (pretānām) - of ghosts, of departed spirits

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• क्रन्दताम् (krandatām) - of those crying, wailing

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of the Kaurava warriors (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the warriors fighting Yuyudhāna.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this statement to previous context, indicating a shift or emphasis.

युयुधानेन (yuyudhānena) - by Yuyudhāna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna

yuyudhāna - Yuyudhāna (a warrior, also known as Sātyaki)

Note: Refers to Sātyaki, a prominent warrior on the Pāṇḍava side.

युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - of those (Kaurava warriors) fighting against Yuyudhāna (of those fighting, of them fighting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, warring

Present Active Participle

Derived from √yudh (to fight) with present participle suffix.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'teṣām'.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

Note: Refers to the battlefield.

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian

Derived from Bharata.

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

बभूव (babhūva) - it became, it was, arose

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of babhūva

perfect

Perfect tense form of √bhū (to be, to become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Conjugated with 'śabdaḥ'.

तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous, violent, confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, agitated, confused

Note: Agrees with 'śabdaḥ'.

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, noise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'.

प्रेतानाम् (pretānām) - of ghosts, of departed spirits

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of preta

preta - departed spirit, ghost, dead person

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra- + √i (to go), literally 'gone forth'.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used in simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

क्रन्दताम् (krandatām) - of those crying, wailing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of krandat

krandat - crying, wailing, screaming

Present Active Participle

Derived from √krand (to cry, wail) with present participle suffix.

Root: krand (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pretānām'.