महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-146, verse-40

उत्सृज्य वाहान्समरे चोदयन्तस्तथापरे ।
संभ्रान्ताः पर्यधावन्त तस्मिंस्तमसि दारुणे ॥४०॥

40. utsṛjya vāhānsamare codayantastathāpare ,
saṁbhrāntāḥ paryadhāvanta tasmiṁstamasi dāruṇe.

40. utsṛjya vāhān samare codayantaḥ tathā apare
sambhrāntāḥ paryadhāvanta tasmin tamasi dāruṇe

40. samare vāhān utsṛjya codayantaḥ tathā apare (ca) sambhrāntāḥ tasmin dāruṇe tamasi paryadhāvanta.

40. Abandoning their mounts in battle, some warriors, though still trying to urge them on, became utterly bewildered and fled in that terrible darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

• वाहान् (vāhān) - mounts, horses

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

• चोदयन्तः (codayantaḥ) - even those who were urging their mounts (on) (urging, inciting)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, also, and

• अपरे (apare) - others

• सम्भ्रान्ताः (sambhrāntāḥ) - bewildered, agitated, confused

• पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they fled, they ran around

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• तमसि (tamasi) - in the darkness

• दारुणे (dāruṇe) - terrible, dreadful

Words meanings and morphology

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root 'sṛj' (to let go, create) with prefix 'ut'

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

वाहान् (vāhān) - mounts, horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - a mount, horse, carrier

समरे (samare) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, combat, war

चोदयन्तः (codayantaḥ) - even those who were urging their mounts (on) (urging, inciting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codayat

codayat - urging, inciting, impelling

Present Active Participle

Causative of root 'cud' (to urge) + 'at' (present participle suffix)

Root: cud (class 10)

तथा (tathā) - thus, also, and

(indeclinable)

अपरे (apare) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent

सम्भ्रान्ताः (sambhrāntāḥ) - bewildered, agitated, confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sambhrānta

sambhrānta - bewildered, agitated, confused, greatly disturbed

Past Passive Participle

Root 'bhram' (to wander, to be confused) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: bhram (class 1)

पर्यधावन्त (paryadhāvanta) - they fled, they ran around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of paryadhāvanta

Prefixes: pari+adhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'tamasi'.

तमसि (tamasi) - in the darkness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom

दारुणे (dāruṇe) - terrible, dreadful

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - terrible, dreadful, fierce, cruel, harsh

Note: Agrees with 'tamasi'.