महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-146, verse-13

तेन संचोद्यमानस्तु ततस्तांस्तुरगोत्तमान् ।
सूतः संचोदयामास युयुधानरथं प्रति ॥१३॥

13. tena saṁcodyamānastu tatastāṁsturagottamān ,
sūtaḥ saṁcodayāmāsa yuyudhānarathaṁ prati.

13. tena saṃcodyamānaḥ tu tataḥ tān turaga-uttamān
sūtaḥ saṃcodayām āsa yuyudhāna-ratham prati

13. tu tena saṃcodyamānaḥ sūtaḥ tataḥ tān turaga-uttamān
yuyudhāna-ratham prati saṃcodayām āsa

13. But then, being urged by him (Duryodhana), the charioteer drove those excellent horses towards Yuyudhāna's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him (Duryodhana) (by him, by that)

• संचोद्यमानः (saṁcodyamānaḥ) - being urged, being impelled

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• तान् (tān) - those (masculine accusative plural)

• तुरग-उत्तमान् (turaga-uttamān) - excellent horses, best of horses

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - charioteer

• संचोदयाम् (saṁcodayām) - part of the periphrastic perfect 'saṃcodayāmāsa' (urged, impelled)

• आस (āsa) - auxiliary verb in the periphrastic perfect 'saṃcodayāmāsa' (was, became)

• युयुधान-रथम् (yuyudhāna-ratham) - Yuyudhāna's chariot

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, regarding

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him (Duryodhana) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Instrumental singular of the demonstrative pronoun tad.

संचोद्यमानः (saṁcodyamānaḥ) - being urged, being impelled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃcodyamāna

saṁcodyamāna - being urged, being impelled, being driven

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root √cud (class 10, codayati) with prefix saṃ-, in passive voice.

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - those (masculine accusative plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Accusative plural of the demonstrative pronoun tad.

तुरग-उत्तमान् (turaga-uttamān) - excellent horses, best of horses

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of turaga-uttama

turaga-uttama - best of horses, excellent horses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (turaga+uttama)

• turaga – horse (literally 'going swiftly')
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √tvar (to hasten) with 'ga' (goer).
  Root: tvar (class 1)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective
  Superlative form of ud (up).
  Prefix: ud

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

संचोदयाम् (saṁcodayām) - part of the periphrastic perfect 'saṃcodayāmāsa' (urged, impelled)

(verb)

Periphrastic perfect stem (ām-ending form)

Derived from root √cud (class 10) with prefix saṃ-. The -ām ending forms the first part of a periphrastic perfect with an auxiliary verb.

Prefix: sam

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Forms the first part of a periphrastic perfect with 'āsa'.

आस (āsa) - auxiliary verb in the periphrastic perfect 'saṃcodayāmāsa' (was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of as

Perfect tense (lit) 3rd person singular of the root √as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect.

युयुधान-रथम् (yuyudhāna-ratham) - Yuyudhāna's chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna-ratha

yuyudhāna-ratha - chariot of Yuyudhāna

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (yuyudhāna+ratha)

• yuyudhāna – Yuyudhāna (a name of a warrior, Sātyaki)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, regarding

(indeclinable)

Preposition governing the accusative case.