महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-146, verse-50

जित्वा रथसहस्राणि तावकानां महारथाः ।
सिंहनादरवांश्चक्रुः पाण्डवा जितकाशिनः ॥५०॥

50. jitvā rathasahasrāṇi tāvakānāṁ mahārathāḥ ,
siṁhanādaravāṁścakruḥ pāṇḍavā jitakāśinaḥ.

50. jitvā rathasahasrāṇi tāvakānām mahārathāḥ
siṃhanādaravān cakruḥ pāṇḍavāḥ jitakāśinaḥ

50. mahārathāḥ jitakāśinaḥ pāṇḍavāḥ tāvakānām
rathasahasrāṇi jitvā siṃhanādaravān cakruḥ

50. The Pāṇḍavas, those great charioteers, shining with victory, having conquered thousands of your chariots, then made lion-like roars.

Words meanings summery:

• जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered, having vanquished

• रथसहस्राणि (rathasahasrāṇi) - thousands of chariots

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of the Kauravas (of your people, of your side)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers

• सिंहनादरवान् (siṁhanādaravān) - lion-like roars, sounds of lion's roar

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - shining with victory, victorious

Words meanings and morphology

जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered, having vanquished

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root ji + suffix -tvā.

Root: ji (class 1)

रथसहस्राणि (rathasahasrāṇi) - thousands of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rathasahasra

rathasahasra - a thousand chariots, thousands of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+sahasra)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of `jitvā`.

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of the Kauravas (of your people, of your side)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, yours, belonging to you (plural, "your people")

Derived from pronominal base tvam (you).

Note: Refers to the chariots of the Kauravas.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great charioteer, a powerful warrior, a commander of many chariots

Compound type : karma_dhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to `pāṇḍavāḥ`.

सिंहनादरवान् (siṁhanādaravān) - lion-like roars, sounds of lion's roar

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of siṃhanādarava

siṁhanādarava - roar of a lion, lion-like roar

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (siṃhanāda+rava)

• siṃhanāda – lion's roar
  noun (masculine)
• rava – roar, sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From root ru 'to roar'.
  Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Object of `cakruḥ`.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated perfect form from root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - sons of Pāṇḍu, descendants of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - shining with victory, victorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitakāśin

jitakāśin - shining with victory, victorious, triumphant

Adjective meaning 'shining (kāśin) due to victory (jita)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jita+kāśin)

• jita – conquered, vanquished, won
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle from root ji.
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāśin – shining, bright, radiant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kāś 'to shine' + -in suffix.
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Agreement with `pāṇḍavāḥ`.