महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-146, verse-16

दुर्योधनस्तेन तथा पूर्वमेवार्दितः शरैः ।
शैनेयं दशभिर्बाणैः प्रत्यविध्यदमर्षितः ॥१६॥

16. duryodhanastena tathā pūrvamevārditaḥ śaraiḥ ,
śaineyaṁ daśabhirbāṇaiḥ pratyavidhyadamarṣitaḥ.

16. duryodhanaḥ tena tathā pūrvam eva ārditaḥ śaraiḥ
śaineyaṃ daśabhiḥ bāṇaiḥ pratyavidhyat amarṣitaḥ

16. tena śaraiḥ pūrvam eva tathā ārditaḥ amarṣitaḥ
duryodhanaḥ daśabhiḥ bāṇaiḥ śaineyaṃ pratyavidhyat

16. Duryodhana, already afflicted by those arrows (from Madhava) and now enraged, retaliated, piercing Saineya (Satyaki) with ten arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• तेन (tena) - by that (referring to Madhava's action or arrows) (by him, by that)

• तथा (tathā) - in such a way, thus (thus, in that manner, so)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (before, formerly, previously)

• एव (eva) - already, indeed (only, just, indeed, even)

• आर्दितः (ārditaḥ) - tormented, afflicted (tormented, afflicted, distressed)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• शैनेयं (śaineyaṁ) - Saineya (Satyaki)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (arrows) (by ten)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced, shot back at (pierced, shot back, struck)

• अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - enraged (enraged, impatient, intolerant)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name)

Son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, chief of the Kauravas.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तेन (tena) - by that (referring to Madhava's action or arrows) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Note: Refers to Madhava's action or arrows.

तथा (tathā) - in such a way, thus (thus, in that manner, so)

(indeclinable)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (before, formerly, previously)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - already, indeed (only, just, indeed, even)

(indeclinable)

आर्दितः (ārditaḥ) - tormented, afflicted (tormented, afflicted, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārdita

ārdita - tormented, afflicted, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root √ṛd 'to oppress, pain'.

Root: ṛd (class 5)

Note: Describes Duryodhana.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, dart

Note: Agent of affliction.

शैनेयं (śaineyaṁ) - Saineya (Satyaki)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - Saineya (a name for Satyaki)

A patronymic, referring to Satyaki, son of Śini.

Note: Object of the verb 'pratyavidhyat'.

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten (arrows) (by ten)

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of the action.

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - pierced, shot back at (pierced, shot back, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of prati + vyadh

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

अमर्षितः (amarṣitaḥ) - enraged (enraged, impatient, intolerant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣita

amarṣita - enraged, impatient, intolerant

Past Passive Participle

From root √mṛṣ 'to endure' with prefix 'a' (negation) and sometimes implies 'sam' (intensification, as in amarṣa).

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes Duryodhana's state.