महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-146, verse-12

सुतस्तवाब्रवीद्राजन्सारथिं रथिनां वरः ।
यत्रैष शब्दस्तत्राश्वांश्चोदयेति पुनः पुनः ॥१२॥

12. sutastavābravīdrājansārathiṁ rathināṁ varaḥ ,
yatraiṣa śabdastatrāśvāṁścodayeti punaḥ punaḥ.

12. sutaḥ tava abravīt rājan sārathim rathinām varaḥ
yatra eṣaḥ śabdaḥ tatra aśvān codaya iti punaḥ punaḥ

12. rājan,
rathinām varaḥ tava sutaḥ sārathim abravīt yatra eṣaḥ śabdaḥ tatra aśvān codaya iti punaḥ punaḥ

12. O king, your son, the best among charioteers, repeatedly said to the charioteer, "Drive the horses towards where this sound is!"

Words meanings summery:

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - to the charioteer

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers, of charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, pre-eminent

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, noise, word

• तत्र (tatra) - there, to that place

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses (accusative plural)

• चोदय (codaya) - drive, urge, impel

• इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (marks direct speech)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again

Words meanings and morphology

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (derived from √sū, to beget)

Grammatically a participle used as a noun.

Root: sū (class 2)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular form of the second person pronoun.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सारथिम् (sārathim) - to the charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers, of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Derived from ratha (chariot) with suffix -in.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, pre-eminent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, finest; boon, choice

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, noise, word

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, voice

तत्र (tatra) - there, to that place

(indeclinable)

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

चोदय (codaya) - drive, urge, impel

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of cud

Imperative 2nd person singular, from the root √cud (class 10, codayati).

Root: cud (class 10)

इति (iti) - thus, in this way, (marks direct speech)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again

(indeclinable)