महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-146, verse-24

दुर्योधने परावृत्ते शैनेयस्तव वाहिनीम् ।
द्रावयामास विशिखैर्निशामध्ये विशां पते ॥२४॥

24. duryodhane parāvṛtte śaineyastava vāhinīm ,
drāvayāmāsa viśikhairniśāmadhye viśāṁ pate.

24. duryodhane parāvṛtte śaineyaḥ tava vāhinīm
drāvayāmāsa viśikhaiḥ niśāmadhye viśām pate

24. viśām pate duryodhane parāvṛtte śaineyaḥ tava
vāhinīm niśāmadhye viśikhaiḥ drāvayāmāsa

24. O lord of the people (viśāṃ pate), when Duryodhana retreated, Śaineya routed your army with arrows in the middle of the night.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - when Duryodhana (used in locative absolute) (in Duryodhana, by Duryodhana)

• परावृत्ते (parāvṛtte) - when (he) retreated (used in locative absolute) (having turned back, retreated)

• शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - son of Śini, Śaineya (Satyaki)

• तव (tava) - your

• वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - army, host

• द्रावयामास (drāvayāmāsa) - caused to flee, routed, put to flight

• विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

• निशामध्ये (niśāmadhye) - in the middle of the night

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधने (duryodhane) - when Duryodhana (used in locative absolute) (in Duryodhana, by Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper noun)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

परावृत्ते (parāvṛtte) - when (he) retreated (used in locative absolute) (having turned back, retreated)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of parāvṛtta

parāvṛtta - turned back, retreated, returned

Past Passive Participle

from parā + vṛt with kta suffix

Prefix: parā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, agrees with Duryodhane.

शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - son of Śini, Śaineya (Satyaki)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - Śaineya (proper noun), Satyaki

patronymic from Śini

Note: Subject of the verb 'drāvayāmāsa'.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāhinī

vāhinī - army, host, river

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'drāvayāmāsa'.

द्रावयामास (drāvayāmāsa) - caused to flee, routed, put to flight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of drāvay

perfect third singular

Causal of dru, Reduplicated Perfect (Lit)

Root: dru (class 1)

विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viśikha

viśikha - arrow, dart (lit. headless or uncrested)

Note: Denotes the means/instrument.

निशामध्ये (niśāmadhye) - in the middle of the night

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of niśāmadhya

niśāmadhya - middle of the night

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+madhya)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)
  Root: madh

Note: Denotes time.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of men

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, community, men

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of vocative compound 'viśāṃ pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addresses Dhṛtarāṣṭra.