महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-146, verse-39

तद्बलं भरतश्रेष्ठ वध्यमानं तथा निशि ।
प्रदुद्राव दिशः सर्वा वीक्षमाणं भयार्दितम् ॥३९॥

39. tadbalaṁ bharataśreṣṭha vadhyamānaṁ tathā niśi ,
pradudrāva diśaḥ sarvā vīkṣamāṇaṁ bhayārditam.

39. tat balam bharataśreṣṭha vadhyamānam tathā niśi
pradudrāva diśaḥ sarvāḥ vīkṣamāṇam bhayārditam

39. bharataśreṣṭha! tathā niśi vadhyamānam tat balam bhayārditam vīkṣamāṇam sarvāḥ diśaḥ pradudrāva.

39. O best among the Bharatas, that army, being slaughtered in such a way during the night, fled in all directions, looking around, distraught with fear.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that, that (army)

• बलम् (balam) - army, strength, force

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O Arjuna (or Dhṛtarāṣṭra, depending on the context of address) (O best of the Bharatas)

• वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being slaughtered, being killed

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• निशि (niśi) - in the night

• प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - it fled, it ran away

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, entire

• वीक्षमाणम् (vīkṣamāṇam) - looking around, perceiving, observing

• भयार्दितम् (bhayārditam) - distressed by fear, tormented by fear

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that, that (army)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions as an adjective for 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - army, strength, force

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O Arjuna (or Dhṛtarāṣṭra, depending on the context of address) (O best of the Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of the Bharatas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a king, a clan name
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)

वध्यमानम् (vadhyamānam) - being slaughtered, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Root 'vadh' (to strike, kill) + 'ya' (passive affix) + 'māna' (present participle suffix)

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

निशि (niśi) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

प्रदुद्राव (pradudrāva) - it fled, it ran away

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pradudrāva

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, point of the compass

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'diśaḥ'.

वीक्षमाणम् (vīkṣamāṇam) - looking around, perceiving, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vīkṣamāṇa

vīkṣamāṇa - looking, seeing, observing, beholding

Present Middle Participle

Root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'vi', then 'māna' (present participle suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

भयार्दितम् (bhayārditam) - distressed by fear, tormented by fear

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhayārdita

bhayārdita - afflicted by fear, terrified

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ardita)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• ardita – afflicted, distressed, tormented
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root 'ard' (to torment, distress), or 'ṛd' (to hurt) with prefix 'ā'
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.