महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-8

न प्रमत्ताय भीताय विरथाय प्रयाचते ।
व्यसने वर्तमानाय प्रहरन्ति मनस्विनः ॥८॥

8. na pramattāya bhītāya virathāya prayācate ,
vyasane vartamānāya praharanti manasvinaḥ.

8. na pramattāya bhītāya virathāya prayācate
| vyasane vartamānāya praharanti manasvinaḥ

8. manasvinaḥ na pramattāya,
bhītāya,
virathāya,
prayācate,
vā vyasane vartamānāya praharanti.

8. Noble-minded persons do not strike one who is negligent, terrified, disarmed (without a chariot), begging for mercy, or currently in distress.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• प्रमत्ताय (pramattāya) - to one who is negligent (to the negligent, careless, intoxicated one)

• भीताय (bhītāya) - to one who is terrified (to the frightened, terrified one)

• विरथाय (virathāya) - to one who is disarmed (without a chariot) (to one without a chariot, disarmed, helpless)

• प्रयाचते (prayācate) - to one who is begging for mercy (to one begging, requesting, imploring)

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in distress (in calamity, misfortune, addiction, distress)

• वर्तमानाय (vartamānāya) - to one who is currently in (to one being, existing, staying)

• प्रहरन्ति (praharanti) - they strike (they strike, they attack, they hit)

• मनस्विनः (manasvinaḥ) - noble-minded persons (noble-minded, intelligent, high-spirited persons)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the action of 'praharanti'

प्रमत्ताय (pramattāya) - to one who is negligent (to the negligent, careless, intoxicated one)

(participle)

Dative, masculine, singular of pramatta

mad - to be joyful, to be intoxicated, to be careless

Past Passive Participle

From root mad (4th class) with upasarga pra-, Past Passive Participle, Dative Singular Masculine

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Recipient of the action of striking

भीताय (bhītāya) - to one who is terrified (to the frightened, terrified one)

(participle)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhī - to fear, to be afraid

Past Passive Participle

From root bhī (3rd class), Past Passive Participle, Dative Singular Masculine

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Recipient of the action of striking

विरथाय (virathāya) - to one who is disarmed (without a chariot) (to one without a chariot, disarmed, helpless)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, disarmed, helpless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, away
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Recipient of the action of striking

प्रयाचते (prayācate) - to one who is begging for mercy (to one begging, requesting, imploring)

(participle)

Dative, masculine, singular of prayācamāna

yāc - to ask, to beg, to request

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root yāc (1st class) with upasarga pra-, Present Participle, Dative Singular Masculine

Prefix: pra

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Recipient of the action of striking

व्यसने (vyasane) - in distress (in calamity, misfortune, addiction, distress)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction

Prefixes: vi+as

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Location/state for 'vartamānāya'

वर्तमानाय (vartamānāya) - to one who is currently in (to one being, existing, staying)

(participle)

Dative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vṛt - to turn, to be, to exist, to happen

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root vṛt (1st class), Present Participle, Dative Singular Masculine

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Recipient of the action of striking, here modifying 'vyasane'

प्रहरन्ति (praharanti) - they strike (they strike, they attack, they hit)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prahṛ

Present Indicative

From root hṛ (1st class) with upasarga pra-, Present Tense, 3rd Person Plural

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

मनस्विनः (manasvinaḥ) - noble-minded persons (noble-minded, intelligent, high-spirited persons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manasvin

manasvin - noble-minded, intelligent, spirited, wise

Derived from manas (mind) with suffix -vin

Note: Subject of 'praharanti'