महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-42

सात्यकिरुवाच ।
न हन्तव्यो न हन्तव्य इति यन्मां प्रभाषथ ।
धर्मवादैरधर्मिष्ठा धर्मकञ्चुकमास्थिताः ॥४२॥

42. sātyakiruvāca ,
na hantavyo na hantavya iti yanmāṁ prabhāṣatha ,
dharmavādairadharmiṣṭhā dharmakañcukamāsthitāḥ.

42. Sātyakiḥ uvāca na hantavyaḥ na hantavyaḥ iti yat mām
prabhāṣatha dharma-vādaiḥ adharmiṣṭhāḥ dharma-kañcukam āsthitāḥ

42. Sātyakiḥ uvāca yat mām na hantavyaḥ na hantavyaḥ iti prabhāṣatha,
(yūyam) adharmiṣṭhāḥ dharma-kañcukam āsthitāḥ dharma-vādaiḥ.

42. Sātyaki said: "You, who are utterly unrighteous (adharmiṣṭhāḥ) and have assumed the guise of (dharma), address me with arguments of (dharma), saying, 'He must not be killed! He must not be killed!'"

Words meanings summery:

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, stated

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be killed, deserving of death, to be slain

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be killed, deserving of death, to be slain

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

• यत् (yat) - Used as a relative conjunction, 'that which'. (which, what, that)

• माम् (mām) - me, to me

• प्रभाषथ (prabhāṣatha) - Refers to the Kaurava warriors and their allies. (you speak, you say, you declare)

• धर्म-वादैः (dharma-vādaiḥ) - by arguments of (dharma), with words of righteousness

• अधर्मिष्ठाः (adharmiṣṭhāḥ) - Qualifies the implied 'you' (the Kauravas and their supporters). (most unrighteous, extremely unrighteous, utterly devoid of (dharma))

• धर्म-कञ्चुकम् (dharma-kañcukam) - cloak of (dharma), disguise of righteousness, pretense of virtue

• आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - Qualifies the implied 'you' (the Kauravas and their supporters). (having assumed, having resorted to, having adopted)

Words meanings and morphology

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Sātyaki

Sātyaki - Name of a Vrishni warrior, son of Satyaka, student of Arjuna.

Patronimic from Satyaka.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, stated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect (Lit)

Irregular perfect form (3rd person singular active) from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be killed, deserving of death, to be slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantavya

hantavya - deserving of death, to be killed, killable

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -tavya

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - should be killed, deserving of death, to be slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantavya

hantavya - deserving of death, to be killed, killable

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -tavya

Root: han (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - Used as a relative conjunction, 'that which'. (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Connects the direct speech to the act of speaking.

माम् (mām) - me, to me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Object of 'prabhāṣatha'.

प्रभाषथ (prabhāṣatha) - Refers to the Kaurava warriors and their allies. (you speak, you say, you declare)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, present (Laṭ) of bhāṣ

Present tense

From root bhāṣ with upasarga pra-. Middle voice, 2nd person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'you' (plural).

धर्म-वादैः (dharma-vādaiḥ) - by arguments of (dharma), with words of righteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dharma-vāda

dharma-vāda - argument or talk about (dharma), speech concerning righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vāda)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vāda – speaking, discourse, argument, doctrine
  noun (masculine)
  From root vad (to speak)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Instrument of speaking.

अधर्मिष्ठाः (adharmiṣṭhāḥ) - Qualifies the implied 'you' (the Kauravas and their supporters). (most unrighteous, extremely unrighteous, utterly devoid of (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adharmiṣṭha

adharmiṣṭha - most unrighteous, extremely sinful, utterly devoid of (dharma)

Superlative

Superlative form of 'adharmin' (unrighteous) with suffix -iṣṭha.

Note: Refers to the speakers (the Kaurava side).

धर्म-कञ्चुकम् (dharma-kañcukam) - cloak of (dharma), disguise of righteousness, pretense of virtue

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharma-kañcuka

dharma-kañcuka - cloak of (dharma), disguise of righteousness, pretense of virtue

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+kañcuka)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kañcuka – cloak, jacket, bodice, disguise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'āsthitāḥ'.

आस्थिताः (āsthitāḥ) - Qualifies the implied 'you' (the Kauravas and their supporters). (having assumed, having resorted to, having adopted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āsthita

āsthita - resorted to, occupied, taken up, assumed

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Acts as an epithet for the implied subject 'you'.