महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-36

प्रायोपविष्टाय रणे पार्थेन छिन्नबाहवे ।
सात्यकिः कौरवेन्द्राय खड्गेनापाहरच्छिरः ॥३६॥

36. prāyopaviṣṭāya raṇe pārthena chinnabāhave ,
sātyakiḥ kauravendrāya khaḍgenāpāharacchiraḥ.

36. prāyopaviṣṭāya raṇe pārthena chinnabāhave
sātyakiḥ kauravendrāya khaḍgena apāharat śiraḥ

36. raṇe pārthena chinnabāhave prāyopaviṣṭāya
kauravendrāya sātyakiḥ khaḍgena śiraḥ apāharat

36. Sātyaki, with a sword, severed the head of the Kaurava king (Duryodhana), who was resolved to die (prāyopaviṣṭa) on the battlefield and whose arm had been cut off by Pārtha (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रायोपविष्टाय (prāyopaviṣṭāya) - to one who had undertaken a fast unto death, to one resolved to die

• रणे (raṇe) - in the battle, on the battlefield

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Pārtha, by Arjuna

• छिन्नबाहवे (chinnabāhave) - refers to the Kaurava king, Duryodhana (to the one whose arm had been cut off)

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

• कौरवेन्द्राय (kauravendrāya) - to Duryodhana (to the lord of the Kurus, to the chief of the Kauravas)

• खड्गेन (khaḍgena) - with a sword

• अपाहरत् (apāharat) - he severed (the head) (he took away, he severed, he carried off)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

Words meanings and morphology

प्रायोपविष्टाय (prāyopaviṣṭāya) - to one who had undertaken a fast unto death, to one resolved to die

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of prāyopaviṣṭa

prāyopaviṣṭa - one who has undertaken prāya (fast unto death), one who has resolved to die

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś with prefixes pra- and upa-.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāya+upaviṣṭa)

• prāya – religious fast, voluntary death (suicide)
  noun (masculine)
• upaviṣṭa – seated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root viś with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies kauravendrāya.

रणे (raṇe) - in the battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, battlefield

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative of place.

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Pārtha, by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā + aṇ suffix.

Note: Agent of chinna within the compound chinnabāhu.

छिन्नबाहवे (chinnabāhave) - refers to the Kaurava king, Duryodhana (to the one whose arm had been cut off)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of chinnabāhu

chinnabāhu - one whose arm is cut off

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+bāhu)

• chinna – cut, severed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root chid.
  Root: chid (class 7)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies kauravendrāya.

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (proper name), a Vṛṣṇi hero and general of the Yādavas.

Note: Subject of apāharat.

कौरवेन्द्राय (kauravendrāya) - to Duryodhana (to the lord of the Kurus, to the chief of the Kauravas)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kauravendra

kauravendra - lord of the Kurus, chief of the Kauravas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kaurava+indra)

• kaurava – a descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from Kuru.
• indra – chief, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dative case for the indirect object.

खड्गेन (khaḍgena) - with a sword

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of khaḍga

khaḍga - sword, scimitar

Note: Instrument of action.

अपाहरत् (apāharat) - he severed (the head) (he took away, he severed, he carried off)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apahṛ

Imperfect active (Laṅ).

From root hṛ with prefix apa.

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Verb of action. Subject is Sātyaki.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

Root: śīrṣan

Note: Object of apāharat.