महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-12

कथं हि राजवंश्यस्त्वं कौरवेयो विशेषतः ।
क्षत्रधर्मादपक्रान्तः सुवृत्तश्चरितव्रतः ॥१२॥

12. kathaṁ hi rājavaṁśyastvaṁ kauraveyo viśeṣataḥ ,
kṣatradharmādapakrāntaḥ suvṛttaścaritavrataḥ.

12. katham hi rājavaṃśyaḥ tvam kauraveyaḥ viśeṣataḥ
kṣatradharmāt apakrāntaḥ suvṛttaḥ caritavrataḥ

12. hi katham tvam rājavaṃśyaḥ viśeṣataḥ kauraveyaḥ
suvṛttaḥ caritavrataḥ kṣatradharmāt apakrāntaḥ

12. How indeed could you, who are of royal lineage and especially a Kaurava, have deviated from the constitution (dharma) of a warrior, you who are renowned for good conduct and for observing your sacred vows?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• राजवंश्यः (rājavaṁśyaḥ) - of royal lineage, belonging to a royal family

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• कौरवेयः (kauraveyaḥ) - a Kaurava, descendant of Kuru

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

• क्षत्रधर्मात् (kṣatradharmāt) - from the duty (dharma) of a warrior

• अपक्रान्तः (apakrāntaḥ) - deviated, turned away, abandoned

• सुवृत्तः (suvṛttaḥ) - of good conduct, well-behaved

• चरितव्रतः (caritavrataḥ) - one who has observed vows, performed observances

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

राजवंश्यः (rājavaṁśyaḥ) - of royal lineage, belonging to a royal family

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājavaṃśya

rājavaṁśya - of royal lineage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vaṃśya)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśya – of a family, belonging to a lineage
  adjective (masculine)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कौरवेयः (kauraveyaḥ) - a Kaurava, descendant of Kuru

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauraveya

kauraveya - descendant of Kuru, a Kaurava

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially, particularly

(indeclinable)

क्षत्रधर्मात् (kṣatradharmāt) - from the duty (dharma) of a warrior

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - duty of a warrior, warrior's constitution (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior, kṣatriya class
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, constitution (dharma)
  noun (masculine)

अपक्रान्तः (apakrāntaḥ) - deviated, turned away, abandoned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apakrānta

apakrānta - deviated, turned away

Past Passive Participle

derived from √kram with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: √kram (class 1)

सुवृत्तः (suvṛttaḥ) - of good conduct, well-behaved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suvṛtta

suvṛtta - of good conduct, well-behaved

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+vṛtta)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, occurred
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from √vṛt
  Root: √vṛt (class 1)

चरितव्रतः (caritavrataḥ) - one who has observed vows, performed observances

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caritavrata

caritavrata - one who has observed vows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (carita+vrata)

• carita – performed, observed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from √car
  Root: √car (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance
  noun (neuter)