महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-28

एतत्पार्थस्य तु वचस्ततः श्रुत्वा महाद्युतिः ।
यूपकेतुर्महाराज तूष्णीमासीदवाङ्मुखः ॥२८॥

28. etatpārthasya tu vacastataḥ śrutvā mahādyutiḥ ,
yūpaketurmahārāja tūṣṇīmāsīdavāṅmukhaḥ.

28. etat pārtasya tu vacas tataḥ śrutvā mahādyutiḥ
yūpaketuḥ mahārāja tūṣṇīm āsīt avāṅmukhaḥ

28. mahārāja tu tataḥ pārtasya etat vacas śrutvā
mahādyutiḥ yūpaketuḥ tūṣṇīm avāṅmukhaḥ āsīt

28. O great king (Mahārāja), having then heard these words of Partha, the greatly effulgent Yūpaketu remained silent, with his face cast down.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this, these)

• पार्तस्य (pārtasya) - of Yudhishthira (referring to the speaker of the previous verses) (of Partha, of Arjuna/Yudhishthira)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• वचस् (vacas) - word, speech, statement

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - greatly effulgent, of great splendor

• यूपकेतुः (yūpaketuḥ) - Yūpaketu (name)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhritarashtra (O great king)

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he remained (he was, he sat, he remained)

• अवाङ्मुखः (avāṅmukhaḥ) - with downcast face, facing downwards

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular.

Note: Anaphoric, refers to the words spoken by Partha.

पार्तस्य (pārtasya) - of Yudhishthira (referring to the speaker of the previous verses) (of Partha, of Arjuna/Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna, Yudhishthira, Bhima

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) with aṇ suffix.

Note: Possessive, refers to whose words.

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

वचस् (vacas) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement

s-stem noun.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

From tad.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed by adding tvā suffix to root śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: śrutvā is the absolutive form.

महाद्युतिः (mahādyutiḥ) - greatly effulgent, of great splendor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - of great splendor, very brilliant, greatly effulgent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• dyuti – splendor, brightness, luster, radiance
  noun (feminine)
  From root dyut (to shine)
  Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Subject.

यूपकेतुः (yūpaketuḥ) - Yūpaketu (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yūpaketu

yūpaketu - Yūpaketu (proper name, 'sacrificial post banner')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yūpa+ketu)

• yūpa – sacrificial post
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, flag, sign, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kit (class 10)

Note: Subject of āsīt.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Dhritarashtra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

आसीत् (āsīt) - he remained (he was, he sat, he remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect

Imperfect mood, 3rd person singular, active voice. a augment + as + īt.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the clause.

अवाङ्मुखः (avāṅmukhaḥ) - with downcast face, facing downwards

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avāṅmukha

avāṅmukha - having the face turned downwards, downcast, dejected

avāṅc (downwards) + mukha (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avāṅc+mukha)

• avāṅc – downward, facing downwards
  adjective
  From ava + añc (to bend)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: añc (class 1)
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)
  From root muc (to release) + kha (opening).
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Condition of the subject.