महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-24

यूपकेतो समीक्ष्य त्वं न मां गर्हितुमर्हसि ।
न हि धर्ममविज्ञाय युक्तं गर्हयितुं परम् ॥२४॥

24. yūpaketo samīkṣya tvaṁ na māṁ garhitumarhasi ,
na hi dharmamavijñāya yuktaṁ garhayituṁ param.

24. yūpaketo samīkṣya tvam na mām garhitum arhasi
na hi dharmam avijñāya yuktam garhayitum param

24. yūpaketo tvam samīkṣya mām na garhitum arhasi
hi dharmam avijñāya param garhayitum na yuktam

24. O Yūpaketu (Bhishma), you should not blame me without due consideration, for indeed, it is not proper to blame another without understanding (dharma), the natural law.

Words meanings summery:

• यूपकेतो (yūpaketo) - O Bhishma (whose banner has a sacrificial post) (O Yūpaketu)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having observed, having considered, having seen well

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• न (na) - not

• माम् (mām) - me

• गर्हितुम् (garhitum) - to blame, to censure

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you should

• न (na) - not

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue

• अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing, without understanding

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, appropriate, right

• गर्हयितुम् (garhayitum) - to blame, to censure

• परम् (param) - another person (another, a superior)

Words meanings and morphology

यूपकेतो (yūpaketo) - O Bhishma (whose banner has a sacrificial post) (O Yūpaketu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yūpaketu

yūpaketu - Yūpaketu (name of Bhishma, meaning 'one whose banner has a sacrificial post')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yūpa+ketu)

• yūpa – sacrificial post, pillar
  noun (masculine)
• ketu – banner, flag, symbol
  noun (masculine)

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having observed, having considered, having seen well

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with preverb 'sam' (together, completely).

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

गर्हितुम् (garhitum) - to blame, to censure

(verb)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'garh'.

Root: garh (class 1)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you should

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (Laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, virtue

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अविज्ञाय (avijñāya) - without knowing, without understanding

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with preverb 'vi-' and negative prefix 'a-'.

Prefixes: a+vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, appropriate, right

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, fit, proper, right, suitable

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yuj' (to join, to yoke) with suffix '-ta', used as an adjective.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicative adjective for the implied 'it' (to blame another).

गर्हयितुम् (garhayitum) - to blame, to censure

(verb)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'garh'.

Root: garh (class 1)

परम् (param) - another person (another, a superior)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant