महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-37

नाभ्यनन्दन्त तत्सैन्याः सात्यकिं तेन कर्मणा ।
अर्जुनेन हतं पूर्वं यज्जघान कुरूद्वहम् ॥३७॥

37. nābhyanandanta tatsainyāḥ sātyakiṁ tena karmaṇā ,
arjunena hataṁ pūrvaṁ yajjaghāna kurūdvaham.

37. na abhyanandanta tat sainyāḥ sātyakiṃ tena karmaṇā
arjunena hataṃ pūrvaṃ yat jaghāna kurūdvaham

37. tat sainyāḥ tena karmaṇā sātyakiṃ na abhyanandanta,
yat (saḥ) arjunena pūrvaṃ hataṃ kurūdvaham jaghāna.

37. Bhuriśravas's troops did not approve Sātyaki for that act (karma), because he had killed the leader of the Kurus (Bhuriśravas) who had previously been struck down by Arjuna.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• अभ्यनन्दन्त (abhyanandanta) - they did not approve, they did not rejoice

• तत् (tat) - his (referring to Bhuriśravas) (that, his)

• सैन्याः (sainyāḥ) - Bhuriśravas's soldiers (soldiers, troops)

• सात्यकिं (sātyakiṁ) - Sātyaki

• तेन (tena) - by that, for that

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by Sātyaki's act of killing Bhuriśravas (by action, by deed (karma))

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• हतं (hataṁ) - struck, wounded, killed

• पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - previously, formerly, before

• यत् (yat) - because (Sātyaki) who (who, which, because)

• जघान (jaghāna) - he killed, he struck down

• कुरूद्वहम् (kurūdvaham) - Bhuriśravas, the leader of the Kurus (the leader of the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'abhyanandanta'.

अभ्यनन्दन्त (abhyanandanta) - they did not approve, they did not rejoice

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of nand

Imperfect, 3rd plural, active voice

Root nand (1st class) with prefix abhi. Imperfect tense, parasmaipada.

Prefix: abhi

Root: nand (class 1)

तत् (tat) - his (referring to Bhuriśravas) (that, his)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adjectivally, referring to 'Bhuriśravas's' soldiers. The form 'tat' is neuter nominative/accusative singular, here functioning as a demonstrative adjective before 'sainyāḥ'.

सैन्याः (sainyāḥ) - Bhuriśravas's soldiers (soldiers, troops)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sainya

sainya - relating to an army, soldier, military

Derived from 'senā' (army).

Note: Subject of 'abhyanandanta'.

सात्यकिं (sātyakiṁ) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (name of a Vṛṣṇi warrior, Krishna's charioteer)

A patronymic, son of Satyaka.

Note: Object of the verb 'abhyanandanta'.

तेन (tena) - by that, for that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'karmaṇā' (action).

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by Sātyaki's act of killing Bhuriśravas (by action, by deed (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, fate (karma)

N-stem noun from root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the reason for disapproval.

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

Note: Agent of the action 'hataṃ'.

हतं (hataṁ) - struck, wounded, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, wounded, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes 'kurūdvaham'.

पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - previously, formerly, before

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative form.

Note: Modifies 'hataṃ', indicating prior action.

यत् (yat) - because (Sātyaki) who (who, which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun), because

Note: Relative pronoun referring to Sātyaki (implied subject of 'jaghāna'), introducing the reason for disapproval.

जघान (jaghāna) - he killed, he struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Perfect, 3rd singular, active voice

Root han (2nd class). Perfect tense, parasmaipada.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The subject is Sātyaki.

कुरूद्वहम् (kurūdvaham) - Bhuriśravas, the leader of the Kurus (the leader of the Kurus)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kurūdvaha

kurūdvaha - bearer/leader of the Kurus

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+udvaha)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king or dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearer, carrier, leader
  noun (masculine)
  From root vah (to carry) with prefix ud.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jaghāna'. Refers to Bhuriśravas.

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