महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-14

को हि नाम प्रमत्ताय परेण सह युध्यते ।
ईदृशं व्यसनं दद्याद्यो न कृष्णसखो भवेत् ॥१४॥

14. ko hi nāma pramattāya pareṇa saha yudhyate ,
īdṛśaṁ vyasanaṁ dadyādyo na kṛṣṇasakho bhavet.

14. kaḥ hi nāma pramattāya pareṇa saha yudhyate
īdṛśam vyasanam dadyāt yaḥ na kṛṣṇa-sakhaḥ bhavet

14. kaḥ hi nāma pramattāya pareṇa saha yudhyate īdṛśam vyasanam dadyāt? yaḥ kṛṣṇa-sakhaḥ na bhavet [saḥ dadyāt].

14. Who, indeed, would inflict such a misfortune upon a careless person fighting with an enemy? [Only] one who is not a friend of Kṛṣṇa would do so.

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• नाम (nāma) - indeed (as an emphatic particle) (indeed, by name, for instance)

• प्रमत्ताय (pramattāya) - to the careless one, to the inattentive one, to the negligent one

• परेण (pareṇa) - with another, by an enemy

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• युध्यते (yudhyate) - fights, is fighting

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of such a kind

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, distress, calamity, addiction

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - would inflict (would give, should give)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• न (na) - not

• कृष्ण-सखः (kṛṣṇa-sakhaḥ) - a friend of Kṛṣṇa

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - indeed (as an emphatic particle) (indeed, by name, for instance)

(indeclinable)

प्रमत्ताय (pramattāya) - to the careless one, to the inattentive one, to the negligent one

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - careless, negligent, intoxicated, deluded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-mad (to be careless/intoxicated) + kta

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Used substantively.

परेण (pareṇa) - with another, by an enemy

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

युध्यते (yudhyate) - fights, is fighting

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of yudh

Present, 3rd person, singular, middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of such a kind

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind

Note: Qualifies vyasanam.

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune, distress, calamity, addiction

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, vice

Root: as (class 4)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - would inflict (would give, should give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative, 3rd person, singular, active voice

Root: dā (class 3)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

कृष्ण-सखः (kṛṣṇa-sakhaḥ) - a friend of Kṛṣṇa

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa-sakha

kṛṣṇa-sakha - friend of Kṛṣṇa

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṛṣṇa+sakhi)

• kṛṣṇa – Kṛṣṇa (a proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sakhi – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

भवेत् (bhavet) - would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative, 3rd person, singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)