महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-48

अपि चायं पुरा गीतः श्लोको वाल्मीकिना भुवि ।
पीडाकरममित्राणां यत्स्यात्कर्तव्यमेव तत् ॥४८॥

48. api cāyaṁ purā gītaḥ śloko vālmīkinā bhuvi ,
pīḍākaramamitrāṇāṁ yatsyātkartavyameva tat.

48. api ca ayam purā gītaḥ ślokaḥ vālmīkinā bhuvi
pīḍākaram amitrāṇām yat syāt kartavyam eva tat

48. api ca ayam ślokaḥ purā bhuvi vālmīkinā gītaḥ: yat amitrāṇām pīḍākaram syāt,
tat eva kartavyam.

48. Moreover, this verse was formerly recited on earth by Vālmīki: "Whatever causes harm to one's enemies, that indeed should be done."

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• च (ca) - and

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

• गीतः (gītaḥ) - sung, recited, proclaimed

• श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse, stanza, fame

• वाल्मीकिना (vālmīkinā) - by Vālmīki

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

• पीडाकरम् (pīḍākaram) - causing distress, harmful

• अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of enemies, to enemies

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, exists

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, ought to be done, duty

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• तत् (tat) - that

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

(indeclinable)

गीतः (gītaḥ) - sung, recited, proclaimed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gīta

gīta - sung, recited, proclaimed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gai' (to sing) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: gai (class 1)

श्लोकः (ślokaḥ) - verse, stanza, fame

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śloka

śloka - verse, hymn, fame

वाल्मीकिना (vālmīkinā) - by Vālmīki

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vālmīki

vālmīki - Vālmīki (name of the ancient poet, author of Rāmāyaṇa)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world

पीडाकरम् (pīḍākaram) - causing distress, harmful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pīḍākara

pīḍākara - causing pain, distressing, harmful

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pīḍā+kara)

• pīḍā – pain, distress, torment
  noun (feminine)
• kara – making, causing (suffix)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with suffix 'a'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of enemies, to enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, not a friend

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend
  noun (masculine)

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, ought to be done, duty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix 'tavya'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that