महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-118, verse-7

ननु नाम स्वधर्मज्ञस्त्वं लोकेऽभ्यधिकः परैः ।
अयुध्यमानस्य कथं रणे प्रहृतवानसि ॥७॥

7. nanu nāma svadharmajñastvaṁ loke'bhyadhikaḥ paraiḥ ,
ayudhyamānasya kathaṁ raṇe prahṛtavānasi.

7. nanu nāma svadharmajñaḥ tvam loke abhyadhikaḥ
paraiḥ | ayudhyamānasya katham raṇe prahṛtavān asi

7. nanu nāma tvam svadharmajñaḥ paraiḥ abhyadhikaḥ loke (asi).
katham ayudhyamānasya raṇe prahṛtavān asi?

7. Indeed, you are certainly renowned in the world as one who understands his own intrinsic nature (sva-dharma), superior to others. How then could you have struck one who was not fighting in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• ननु (nanu) - indeed, certainly (surely, indeed, is it not?, why not?)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, certainly (emphasizing the preceding word) (by name, indeed, reportedly, it is said)

• स्वधर्मज्ञः (svadharmajñaḥ) - understanding one's own intrinsic nature (sva-dharma) (knowing one's own duty/nature, well-versed in one's own dharma)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, among people)

• अभ्यधिकः (abhyadhikaḥ) - superior (superior, exceeding, more, greater)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by others (in comparison) (by others, by enemies, by strangers)

• अयुध्यमानस्य (ayudhyamānasya) - of one who was not fighting (of one who is not fighting, of one who is not waging war)

• कथम् (katham) - how then (how, in what manner, why)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• प्रहृतवान् (prahṛtavān) - struck (having struck, having attacked)

• असि (asi) - you are

Words meanings and morphology

ननु (nanu) - indeed, certainly (surely, indeed, is it not?, why not?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing assertion or gentle expostulation

नाम (nāma) - indeed, certainly (emphasizing the preceding word) (by name, indeed, reportedly, it is said)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle

स्वधर्मज्ञः (svadharmajñaḥ) - understanding one's own intrinsic nature (sva-dharma) (knowing one's own duty/nature, well-versed in one's own dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svadharmajña

svadharmajña - knower of one's own intrinsic nature/duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma+jña)

• sva – own, one's own
  adjective
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root jñā (9th class), with suffix -a
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam'

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asi'

लोके (loke) - in the world (in the world, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, community

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Location where 'tvam' is known

अभ्यधिकः (abhyadhikaḥ) - superior (superior, exceeding, more, greater)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyadhika

abhyadhika - superior, exceeding, abundant, more

From adhika with upasarga abhi-

Note: Qualifies 'tvam'

परैः (paraiḥ) - by others (in comparison) (by others, by enemies, by strangers)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, supreme

Note: Used in the sense of comparison, 'superior *to* others'

अयुध्यमानस्य (ayudhyamānasya) - of one who was not fighting (of one who is not fighting, of one who is not waging war)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ayudhyamāna

yudh - to fight, to wage war

Present Participle (Ātmanepada), negative prefix

From root yudh (4th class), Present Participle, Ātmanepada, Genitive Singular Masculine, with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yudhyamāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• yudhyamāna – fighting
  participle (masculine)
  Present Participle (Ātmanepada)
  From root yudh (4th class), Present Participle, Ātmanepada
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Possessive/dative relation to 'prahṛtavān' (struck against whom)

कथम् (katham) - how then (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, conflict, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

प्रहृतवान् (prahṛtavān) - struck (having struck, having attacked)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛ

hṛ - to strike, to hit, to injure

Perfect Active Participle

From root hṛ (1st class) with upasarga pra-, Perfect Active Participle, Nominative Singular Masculine

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used with 'asi' to form a periphrastic perfect tense for 'you struck'

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

From root as (2nd class), Present Tense, 2nd Person Singular

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb, forming the periphrastic perfect 'prahṛtavān asi'